Table 1.

Clinical Presentations of the 12 Thai Cases of PAM

No	Year (authors)	Age (years)	Sex	Address*	Period of Onset†	Length of Hospitalization	Primary Diagnosis	Treatment	Discharge Status
1	1983 (Jariya et al)	5	Male	NE	Rainy season	3 days	CSF examination	No specific treatment	Dead
2	1987 (Somboonyosdej et al)	14	Male	E	Summer	10 hours	CSF examination	IV penicillin, oral metronidazole, & chloramphenicol	Dead
3‡	1987 (Somboonyosdej et al)	0.67	Male	E	Summer	12 hours	CSF examination	IV gentamicin, oral rifampicin & ampicillin & metronidazole	Dead
4	1988 (Charoenlarp et al)	17	Male	C	Summer	2 days	CSF examination	IV & IT amphotericin B, oral rifampicin & Sulfadiazine & tetracycline	Dead
5	1989 (Sirinavin et al)	4.5	Female	C	Summer	5 days	CSF examination	IV amphotericin B, oral rifampicin	Dead
6	1991 (Poungvarin et al)	61	Male	NE	Summer	30 days	CSF examination	IV amphotericin B, oral rifampicin & ketoconazole	Cure
7	1993 (Chotmongkol et al)	18	Female	NE	Summer	30 days	CSF examination	IV amphotericin B, oral rifampicin & iraconazole	Cure
8	1996 (Wattanaweeradej et al)	5	Male	C	Summer	6 days	CSF examination	IV amphotericin B, oral rifampicin	Dead
9	1997 (Viriyavejakul et al)	12	Male	C	Summer	5 days	Autopsy	No specific treatment	Dead
10‡	1997 (Petchsuwan et al)	9	Female	N	Summer	14 days	Autopsy	No specific treatment	Dead
11‡	2000 (Bunjongpak)	9.75	Female	NE	Summer	2 days	Autopsy	No specific treatment	Dead
12	2001 (Sithinamsuwan et al)	27	Male	C	Summer	4 days	CSF examination	IV & IT amphotericin B, oral rifampicin	Dead

*Address is classified according to the region of Thailand: NE = Northeastern, C = Central, E = Eastern, N = Northern

†There are 3 seasons in Thailand: summer (February–May), rainy season (June–September), and winter (October–January)

‡Cases 3, 10, and 11 had no clear history of water exposure.