Table 1.

Explanatory variables

Variables	Description	Expected signs at each stage
		Supply
Dependent
Seed supply	Distribution of the certified common bean seed (KG)
Independent
Seed demonstrations	Participation in the seed demonstrations Yes = 1 No = 0	+
Extension service	The number of extensional services provided in a community	+
Seed demand	Quantity of common bean seed demanded by the market (KG)	+/−
Ownership	Sole proprietorship = 1 Partnership = 2 Corporation = 3 Cooperative = 4 Association = 5 Franchise = 6 Trust = 7 Private limited = 8 Public Limited = 9	+/−
Market structure	Perfect Competition = 1 Monopolistic Competition = 2 Oligopoly = 3 Monopoly = 4	−/+
Land availability	Amount of expansion or investment land available	+
Price of the basic seed	Amount of money spent to purchase a kg of certified common bean seeds (MK)	+
Price of substitute	Amount of money spent to purchase a kg of farmer-saved seeds (MK)	_
Investment subsidy	Amount of money subsidized on the inputs of common bean seed production	+
Payback period	The time is taken to repay the farmer's debt	+
Contractual agreement	Whether a farmer is under any contractual arrangement or not. Yes = 1 No = 0	+
Perception	Subject perception of relative advantages Advantageous = 1 Not advantageous = 0	+/−
Sex	Male = 1 Female = 0	+/−
Age	Age of the owner of the firm	–
Capital	Amount of money a farmer has to invest in the production of a certified common bean seed (Mk)	+
Total loan	Total investment loan acquired (MK)	+
Distance from the source	Distance to the source of the basic seed (MK)	–
Distance to the destination	Distance to the destination of the common bean farmers' production (MK)	–
Type of a supplier	Formal = 1 Informal = 0	+/−
Off-farm income	Income generation from off-farm activities	–
Farm system	Commercial = 0 Substitute = 1 Both = 2	+/−