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. 2024 Sep 18;16(18):3155. doi: 10.3390/nu16183155

Table 3.

Effects of coffee on the intestinal absorption of nutrients.

Design Treatment Nutrient Effects Mechanism References
In vivo human Coffee Circulating Vitamin D ↑ Inhibition of Vitamin D receptors Al-Othman et al. 2012 [89]
In vivo human Caffeine Calcium levels ↓ Imbalance of Calcium/inhibition of Vitamin D receptors Barger-Lux & Heaney 1995 [90]
In vivo human Coffee Zinc levels ↓ Binding of phenolic compounds Pécoud et al. 1975 [91]
In vivo human Coffee Iron absorption ↓ Phenolic binding of nonheme iron in the lumen Morck 1983 [92]
In vivo human Coffee B vitamin levels ↓ Complex formation with polyphenols Ulvik 2008 [93]
In vivo human Coffee Glucose ↓ Inhibition of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate translocase Ohnaka 2012 [94]

Notes: ↑: Increased; ↓: Decreased.