Table 1.
Main differences between low/high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD).
| Global (n = 70) |
Low Adherence to MD (n = 33) |
High Adherence to MD (n = 37) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.7 ± 10.7 | 74.9 ± 12.5 | 73.9 ± 8.4 | 0.56 |
| Gender (female) | 28 (40) | 14 (42.4) | 14 (37.8) | 0.69 |
| Smokers | 33 (48.6) | 19 (57.6) | 14 (40) | 0.34 |
| Alcohol intake | 5 (7.1) | 1 (3) | 4 (10.8) | 0.36 |
| Dyslipidemia | 40 (57.1) | 21 (63.6) | 19 (51.4) | 0.30 |
| Hypertension | 44 (62.9) | 20 (60.6) | 24 (64.9) | 0.71 |
| Diabetes | 23 (32.9) | 16 (48.5) | 7 (18.9) | <0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 46 (65.7) | 21 (63.7) | 25 (53.5) | 0.94 |
| Clinical atherosclerosis 1 | 18 (25.7) | 11 (33.3) | 7 (18.9) | 0.17 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 34 (48.6) | 16 (48.5) | 18 (48.6) | 0.81 |
| BMI | 27.6 [25.2–30.1] | 26.6 [24.7–28.9] | 27.8 [24.2–30.6] | 0.17 |
| Obesity according to BMI | 19 (27.1) | 6 (18.2) | 13 (35.1) | 0.11 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 101 [93–112] | 97.9 [87–107] | 99 [93.7–111.2] | 0.11 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 109 [99.7–123.2] | 111 [95–131] | 105 [96.5–112.2] | 0.07 |
| Insulinemia, microU/mL | 14.1 [8.7–21.8] | 19 [9–23] | 13.5 [9.6–17.5] | 0.19 |
| HbA1c | 6 [6–6] | 6 [6–7] | 6 [5–6] | 0.03 |
| LDL–cholesterol, mg/dL | 84 [62–112] | 84 [65–96] | 99.5 [63.5–123.7] | 0.45 |
| HDL–cholesterol, mg/dL | 44 [35–56] | 42 [32–52] | 49 [39–59.5] | 0.07 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 95 [75.5–133] | 98 [80–132] | 91.5 [74–138.5] | 0.85 |
| Occlusion site | 0.73 | |||
| TICA | 11 (15.7) | 5 (15.2) | 6 (16.2) | |
| M1 | 37 (52.9) | 19 (57.6) | 18 (48.6) | |
| M2 | 22 (31.4) | 9 (27.3) | 13 (35.1) | |
| Tandem occlusions (%) | 10 (14.3) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (5.4) | 0.04 |
| ASPECTS | 8 [7–9] | 8 [7–9] | 7.5 [6–9] | 0.35 |
| TOAST ethiology | ||||
| Aterothrombotic | 7 (10) | 6 (18.2) | 1 (2.7) | 0.04 |
| Cardioembolic | 49 (70) | 21 (63.6) | 28 (75.7) | |
| Unusual | 3 (4.3) | 1 (3) | 2 (5.4) | |
| Undetermined | 11 (15.7) | 5 (15.2) | 6 (16.2) |
1 Clinical atherosclerosis includes prior ischemic heart disease, prior stroke and/or peripheral arteriopathy. BMI, body mass index; TICA, terminal internal carotid artery; M1, proximal middle cerebral artery; M2, distal middle cerebral artery; ASPECTS, Alberta stroke program early CT score. TOAST, Trial of ORG, 10,172 in acute stroke treatment. p in bold if statistically significant (<0.05).