Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1984 Sep 1;222(2):395–400. doi: 10.1042/bj2220395

Rates of protein turnover in vivo and in vitro in ventricular muscle of hearts from fed and starved rats.

V R Preedy, D M Smith, N F Kearney, P H Sugden
PMCID: PMC1144191  PMID: 6206849

Abstract

Starvation of 300 g rats for 3 days decreased ventricular-muscle total protein content and total RNA content by 15 and 22% respectively. Loss of body weight was about 15%. In glucose-perfused working rat hearts in vitro, 3 days of starvation inhibited rates of protein synthesis in ventricles by about 40-50% compared with fed controls. Although the RNA/protein ratio was decreased by about 10%, the major effect of starvation was to decrease the efficiency of protein synthesis (rate of protein synthesis relative to RNA). Insulin stimulated protein synthesis in ventricles of perfused hearts from fed rats by increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis. In vivo, protein-synthesis rates and efficiencies in ventricles from 3-day-starved rats were decreased by about 40% compared with fed controls. Protein-synthesis rates and efficiencies in ventricles from fed rats in vivo were similar to values in vitro when insulin was present in perfusates. In vivo, starvation increased the rate of protein degradation, but decreased it in the glucose-perfused heart in vitro. This contradiction can be rationalized when the effects of insulin are considered. Rates of protein degradation are similar in hearts of fed animals in vivo and in glucose/insulin-perfused hearts. Degradation rates are similar in hearts of starved animals in vivo and in hearts perfused with glucose alone. We conclude that the rates of protein turnover in the anterogradely perfused rat heart in vitro closely approximate to the rates in vivo in absolute terms, and that the effects of starvation in vivo are mirrored in vitro.

Full text

PDF
395

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Crie J. S., Sanford C. F., Wildenthal K. Influence of starvation and refeeding on cardiac protein degradation in rats. J Nutr. 1980 Jan;110(1):22–27. doi: 10.1093/jn/110.1.22. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Curfman G. D., O'Hara D. S., Hopkins B. E., Smith T. W. Suppression of myocardial protein degradation in the rat during fasting. Effects of insulin, glucose, and leucine. Circ Res. 1980 Apr;46(4):581–589. doi: 10.1161/01.res.46.4.581. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Flaim K. E., Kochel P. J., Kira Y., Kobayashi K., Fossel E. T., Jefferson L. S., Morgan H. E. Insulin effects on protein synthesis are independent of glucose and energy metabolism. Am J Physiol. 1983 Jul;245(1):C133–C143. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1983.245.1.C133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Frayn K. N., Maycock P. F. Regulation of protein metabolism by a physiological concentration of insulin in mouse soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Effects of starvation and scald injury. Biochem J. 1979 Nov 15;184(2):323–330. doi: 10.1042/bj1840323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Garlick P. J., Fern M., Preedy V. R. The effect of insulin infusion and food intake on muscle protein synthesis in postabsorptive rats. Biochem J. 1983 Mar 15;210(3):669–676. doi: 10.1042/bj2100669. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Garlick P. J., McNurlan M. A., Preedy V. R. A rapid and convenient technique for measuring the rate of protein synthesis in tissues by injection of [3H]phenylalanine. Biochem J. 1980 Nov 15;192(2):719–723. doi: 10.1042/bj1920719. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Garlick P. J., Millward D. J., James W. P., Waterlow J. C. The effect of protein deprivation and starvation on the rate of protein synthesis in tissues of the rat. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Nov 18;414(1):71–84. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(75)90126-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goldspink D. F., Garlick P. J., McNurlan M. A. Protein turnover measured in vivo and in vitro in muscles undergoing compensatory growth and subsequent denervation atrophy. Biochem J. 1983 Jan 15;210(1):89–98. doi: 10.1042/bj2100089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goodman M. N., Ruderman N. B. Starvation in the rat. I. Effect of age and obesity on organ weights, RNA, DNA, and protein. Am J Physiol. 1980 Oct;239(4):E269–E276. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1980.239.4.E269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Griffin W. S., Wildenthal K. Myofibrillar alkaline protease activity in rat heart and its responses to some interventions that alter cardiac size. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1978 Jul;10(7):669–676. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2828(78)80005-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Henshaw E. C., Hirsch C. A., Morton B. E., Hiatt H. H. Control of protein synthesis in mammalian tissues through changes in ribosome activity. J Biol Chem. 1971 Jan 25;246(2):436–446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Li J. B., Goldberg A. L. Effects of food deprivation on protein synthesis and degradation in rat skeletal muscles. Am J Physiol. 1976 Aug;231(2):441–448. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. MANCHESTER K. L., RANDLE P. J., YOUNG F. G. An insulin assay based on the incorporation of labelled glycine into protein of isolated rat diaphragm. J Endocrinol. 1959 Dec;19:259–262. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0190259. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. MANCHESTER K. L., YOUNG F. G. Hormones and protein biosynthesis in isolated rat diaphragm. J Endocrinol. 1959 Jul;18:381–394. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0180381. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. McKee E. E., Cheung J. Y., Rannels D. E., Morgan H. E. Measurement of the rate of protein synthesis and compartmentation of heart phenylalanine. J Biol Chem. 1978 Feb 25;253(4):1030–1040. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McNurlan M. A., Tomkins A. M., Garlick P. J. The effect of starvation on the rate of protein synthesis in rat liver and small intestine. Biochem J. 1979 Feb 15;178(2):373–379. doi: 10.1042/bj1780373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Oliver M. H., Cole P. J., Laurent G. J. Comparison of protein-synthesis rate of alveolar macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Biochem J. 1984 Feb 1;217(3):761–765. doi: 10.1042/bj2170761. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Palmer R. M., Reeds P. J., Lobley G. E., Smith R. H. The effect of intermittent changes in tension on protein and collagen synthesis in isolated rabbit muscles. Biochem J. 1981 Sep 15;198(3):491–498. doi: 10.1042/bj1980491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Preedy V. R., Garlick P. J. Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the perfused rat hemicorpus compared with rates in the intact animal. Biochem J. 1983 Aug 15;214(2):433–442. doi: 10.1042/bj2140433. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rannels D. E., Hjalmarson A. C., Morgan H. E. Effects of noncarbohydrate substrates on protein synthesis in muscle. Am J Physiol. 1974 Mar;226(3):528–539. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.3.528. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rannels D. E., Kao R., Morgan H. E. Effect of insulin on protein turnover in heart muscle. J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 10;250(5):1694–1701. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rannels D. E., Pegg A. E., Rannels S. R., Jefferson L. S. Effect of starvation on initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and heart. Am J Physiol. 1978 Aug;235(2):E126–E133. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.2.E126. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rubin I. B., Goldstein G. An ultrasensitive isotope dilution method for the determination of L-amino acids. Anal Biochem. 1970 Feb;33(2):244–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(70)90293-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Smith D. M., Sugden P. H. Differential rates of protein synthesis in vitro and RNA contents in rat heart ventricular and atrial muscle. Biochem J. 1983 Aug 15;214(2):497–502. doi: 10.1042/bj2140497. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Smith D. M., Sugden P. H. Effect of insulin and lack of effect of workload and hypoxia on protein degradation in the perfused working rat heart. Biochem J. 1983 Jan 15;210(1):55–61. doi: 10.1042/bj2100055. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Smith D. M., Sugden P. H. Stimulation of left-atrial protein-synthesis rates by increased left-atrial filling pressures in the perfused working rat heart in vitro. Biochem J. 1983 Dec 15;216(3):537–542. doi: 10.1042/bj2160537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sugden P. H., Smith D. M. The effects of glucose, acetate, lactate and insulin on protein degradation in the perfused rat heart. Biochem J. 1982 Sep 15;206(3):467–472. doi: 10.1042/bj2060467. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sugden P. H., Smith D. M. The effects of insulin on glucose uptake and lactate release in perfused working rat heart preparations. Biochem J. 1982 Sep 15;206(3):473–479. doi: 10.1042/bj2060473. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Taegtmeyer H., Hems R., Krebs H. A. Utilization of energy-providing substrates in the isolated working rat heart. Biochem J. 1980 Mar 15;186(3):701–711. doi: 10.1042/bj1860701. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES