Table 2. Detailed overview of pediatric orthodontic conditions: intervention, prognosis, and treatment duration.

TMDs: temporomandibular joint disorders; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea

Condition	Age group for intervention	Prognosis	Complications if untreated	Duration of treatment
Class III malocclusion	Early mixed dentition (6-10 years)	Improved occlusion, function, and aesthetics	Progression to severe skeletal malocclusion	1-2 years
Class II malocclusion	Mixed dentition to early adolescence (7-14 years)	Improved occlusion and facial aesthetics	Increased risk of trauma to maxillary incisors	1-2 years (may vary with treatment phase)
Abnormal oral habits	As soon as detected (2-6 years)	Prevention of malocclusion development	Development of malocclusions	Varies, typically six months to one year
Arch length discrepancies	Mixed dentition (7-11 years)	Functional and aesthetically pleasing dentition	Severe crowding or spacing	1-2 years
Anterior crossbite	Early mixed dentition (6-10 years)	Prevention of attrition, improved aesthetics	Progression to a skeletal crossbite	3-6 months
Posterior crossbite	Early mixed dentition (6-10 years)	Long-term stability, improved occlusion	Transverse and anteroposterior growth issues	Six months to one year
Open bite	Early mixed dentition (6-10 years)	Improved oral functions and aesthetics	Speech issues, TMDs	Six months to one year
Deep bite	Mixed dentition (7-11 years)	Prevention of functional problems	TMDs, trauma to soft tissues	1-2 years
TMDs	As soon as symptoms appear	Pain relief, restored function	Chronic pain, restricted jaw movement	Varies; ongoing management may be needed
OSA	Early childhood (4-10 years)	Improved systemic health, behavior	Systemic health issues, behavioral problems	1-2 years (depending on severity and treatment)
Use of aligners in pediatric orthodontics	Mixed dentition (7-11 years)	High satisfaction, effective management of malocclusions	Potential for incomplete corrections if not monitored	Six months to one year (depending on the condition)