Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Pathology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Pathology
. 1978 Jul;31(7):609–619. doi: 10.1136/jcp.31.7.609

Disseminated intravascular coagulation: a review.

P J Hamilton, A L Stalker, A S Douglas
PMCID: PMC1145362  PMID: 353078

Full text

PDF
609

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Al-Mondhiry H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation: experience in a major cancer center. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Sep 30;34(1):181–193. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allington M. J. Fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products and the clumping of staphylococci by serum. Br J Haematol. 1967 Jul;13(4):550–567. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1967.tb00763.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Amorosi E. L., Karpatkin S. Antiplatelet treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med. 1977 Jan;86(1):102–106. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BRAIN M. C., DACIE J. V., HOURIHANE D. O. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia: the possible role of vascular lesions in pathogenesis. Br J Haematol. 1962 Oct;8:358–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1962.tb06541.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Barré P., Kaplan B. S., de Chadarévian J. P., Drummond K. N. Hemolytic uremic syndrome with hypocomplementemia, serum C3NeF, and glomerular deposits of C3. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1977 Jul;101(7):357–361. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bell W. R., Tomasulo P. A., Alving B. M., Duffy T. P. Thrombocytopenia occurring during the administration of heparin. A prospective study in 52 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1976 Aug;85(2):155–160. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bergstein J. M., Michael A. F., Jr Renal cortical fibrinolytic activity in the rabbit following one or two doses of endotoxin. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1973 Feb 28;29(1):27–32. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Beskid M., Lorenc R., Rościszewska A. C-cell thyroid adenoma in man. J Pathol. 1971 Jan;103(1):1–4. doi: 10.1002/path.1711030102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bick R. L., Dukes M. L., Wilson W. L., Fekete L. F. Antithrombin III(AT-III) as a diagnostic aid in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Res. 1977 May;10(5):721–729. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(77)90054-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bloom A. L. Intravascular coagulation and the liver. Br J Haematol. 1975 May;30(1):1–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1975.tb00511.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bolton A. E., Ludlam C. A., Pepper D. S., Moore S., Cash J. D. A radioimmunoassay for platelet factor 4. Thromb Res. 1976 Jan;8(1):51–58. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(76)90122-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bowie E. J., Owen C. A., Jr Hemostatic failure in clinical medicine. Semin Hematol. 1977 Jul;14(3):341–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Brain M. C., Azzopardi J. G., Baker L. R., Pineo G. F., Roberts P. D., Dacie J. V. Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and mucin-forming adenocarcinoma. Br J Haematol. 1970 Feb;18(2):183–193. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1970.tb01433.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Breen F. A., Jr, Tullis J. L. Ethanol gelation test improved. Ann Intern Med. 1969 Aug;71(2):433–434. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-71-2-433_2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Brown L. J., Stalker A. L., Hall J. J. Experimental defibrination. II. Histological studies by light and electron microscopy. Microvasc Res. 1969 Apr;1(3):295–307. doi: 10.1016/0026-2862(69)90032-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Colman R. W., Robboy S. J., Minna J. D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): an approach. Am J Med. 1972 May;52(5):679–689. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(72)90058-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Cooper H. A., Bowie E. J., Didisheim P., Owen C. A., Jr Paradoxic changes in platelets and fibrinogen in chronically induced intravascular coagulation. Mayo Clin Proc. 1971 Aug;46(8):521–523. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Cooper H. A., Bowie E. J., Owen C. A., Jr Chronic induced intravascular coagulation in dogs. Am J Physiol. 1973 Dec;225(6):1355–1358. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1973.225.6.1355. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Cooper H. A., Bowie E. J., Owen C. A., Jr Evaluation of patients with increased fibrinolytic split products (FSP) in their serum. Mayo Clin Proc. 1974 Sep;49(9):654–657. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Corrigan J. J., Jr Effect of heparin on endotoxin-induced thrombocytopenia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1971 Jan;136(1):124–126. doi: 10.3181/00379727-136-35209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Corrigan J. J., Jr, Jordan C. M., Bennett B. B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in septic shock. Report of three cases not treated with heparin. Am J Dis Child. 1973 Nov;126(5):629–632. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1973.02110190505009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Donald K. J. An electron-microscope study of defibrination during carbon clearance in rabbits stimulated by a tubercle bacillary lipid. J Pathol. 1972 Dec;108(4):329–333. doi: 10.1002/path.1711080408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Douglas A. S., McNicol G. P., Bain W. H., Mackey W. A. The haemostatic defect following extracorporeal circulation. Br J Surg. 1966 May;53(5):455–467. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800530518. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Egan E. L., Bowie E. J., Kazmier F. J., Gilchrist G. S., Woods J. W., Owen C. A., Jr Effect of surgical operations on certain tests used to diagnose intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 1974 Sep;49(9):658–664. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. GITLIN D., CRAIG J. M. Variations in the staining characteristics of human fibrin. Am J Pathol. 1957 Mar-Apr;33(2):267–283. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. GOOD R. A., THOMAS L. Studies on the generalized Shwartzman reaction. IV. Prevention of the local and generalized Shwartzman reactions with heparin. J Exp Med. 1953 Jun;97(6):871–888. doi: 10.1084/jem.97.6.871. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Gaffney P. J. Fibrin(-ogen) interactions with plasmin. Haemostasis. 1977;6(1):2–25. doi: 10.1159/000214161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Gans H., Lowman J. T. The uptake of fibrin and fibrin-degradation products by the isolated perfused rat liver. Blood. 1967 Apr;29(4):526–539. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Godal H. C., Kierulf P. Precipitation of fibrinogen-derived material by protamine. Scand J Haematol Suppl. 1971;13:163–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1971.tb02002.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Goodall H. B. Giant nuclear masses in the lungs and blood in malignant malaria. Lancet. 1973 Nov 17;2(7838):1124–1126. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90938-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Gralnick H. R., Greipp P. Thrombosis with epsilon aminocaproic acid therapy. Am J Clin Pathol. 1971 Aug;56(2):151–154. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/56.2.151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Gurewich V., Hutchinson E. Detection of intravascular coagulation by a serial-dilution protamine sulfate test. Ann Intern Med. 1971 Dec;75(6):895–902. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-75-6-895. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gurewich V., Lipinski B., Wetmore R. Inhibition of intravascular fibrin deposition by dipyridamole in experimental animals. Blood. 1975 Apr;45(4):569–575. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. HIRSH J., FLETCHER A. P., SHERRY S. EFFECT OF FIBRIN AND FIBRINOGEN PROTEOLYSIS PRODUCTS ON CLOT PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. Am J Physiol. 1965 Aug;209:415–424. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.209.2.415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Hardaway R. M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in experimental and clinical shock. Am J Cardiol. 1967 Aug;20(2):161–173. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(67)90075-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Hillman R. S., Phillips L. L. Clotting-fibrinolysis in a cavernous hemangioma. Am J Dis Child. 1967 Jun;113(6):649–653. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1967.02090210063003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kasper C. K. Thromboembolic complications. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Jun 30;33(3):640–644. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Kim H. S., Suzuki M., Lie J. T., Titus J. L. Clinically unsuspected disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): an autopsy survey. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976 Jul;66(1):31–39. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/66.1.31. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Klein H. G., Bell W. R. Disseminated intravascular coagulation during heparin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1974 Apr;80(4):477–481. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-80-4-477. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. LEE L. Reticuloendothelial clearance of circulating fibrin in the pathogenesis of the generalized Shwartzman reaction. J Exp Med. 1962 May 1;115:1065–1082. doi: 10.1084/jem.115.5.1065. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. LENDRUM A. C., FRASER D. S., SLIDDERS W., HENDERSON R. Studies on the character and staining of fibrin. J Clin Pathol. 1962 Sep;15:401–413. doi: 10.1136/jcp.15.5.401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Larrieu M. J. Action of fibrinogen degradation products and fibrin monomer soluble complexes on platelet aggregation. Scand J Haematol Suppl. 1971;13:273–279. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1971.tb02022.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Lewis J. H., Szeto I. L., Bayer W. L., Curiel D. C. Leukofibrinolysis. Blood. 1972 Dec;40(6):844–855. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ludlam C. A., Moore S., Bolton A. E., Pepper D. S., Cash J. D. The release of a human platelet specific protein measured by a radioimmunoassay. Thromb Res. 1975 Jun;6(6):543–548. doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(75)90066-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. McKay D. G., Latour J. G., Lopez A. M. Production of the generalized Shwartzmann reaction by activated Hageman factor and alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1971 Aug 31;26(1):71–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. McKay D. G., Müller-Berghaus G. Therapeutic implications of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Am J Cardiol. 1967 Sep;20(3):392–410. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(67)90063-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Merskey C., Johnson A. J., Kleiner G. J., Wohl H. The defibrination syndrome: clinical features and laboratory diagnosis. Br J Haematol. 1967 Jul;13(4):528–549. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1967.tb00762.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Moe N., Abildgaard U. Histological staining properties of in vitro formed fibrin clots and precipitated fibrinogen. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1969;76(1):61–73. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1969.tb03234.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Moriau M., Rodhain J., Noel H., Masure R. Comparative effects of dextrans, gelatin and stable plasma protein solution (SPPS) on the experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Vox Sang. 1974;27(5):411–428. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1974.tb02438.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Nossel H. L., Yudelman I., Canfield R. E., Butler V. P., Jr, Spanondis K., Wilner G. D., Qureshi G. D. Measurement of fibrinopeptide A in human blood. J Clin Invest. 1974 Jul;54(1):43–53. doi: 10.1172/JCI107749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Plow E. F., Edgington T. S. An alternative pathway for fibrinolysis. I. The cleavage of fibrinogen by leukocyte proteases at physiologic pH. J Clin Invest. 1975 Jul;56(1):30–38. doi: 10.1172/JCI108076. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Prentice C. R., Edgar W., McNicol G. P. Characterization of fibrin degradation products in patients on ancrod therapy: comparison with fibrinogen derivatives produced by plasmin. Br J Haematol. 1974 May;27(1):77–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1974.tb06776.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. REIS D. J. Potentiation of the vasoconstrictor action of topical norepinephrine on the human bulbar conjuctival vessels after topical application of certain adrenocortical hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1960 Mar;20:446–456. doi: 10.1210/jcem-20-3-446. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Robboy S. J., Major M. C., Colman R. W., Minna J. D. Pathology of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Analysis of 26 cases. Hum Pathol. 1972 Sep;3(3):327–343. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(72)80034-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Robboy S. J., Mihm M. C., Colman R. W., Minna J. D. The skin in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Prospective analysis of thirty-six cases. Br J Dermatol. 1973 Mar;88(3):221–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07538.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Rodríguez-Erdmann F. Bleeding due to increased intravascular blood coagulation. Hemorrhagic syndromes caused by consumption of blood-clotting factors (consumption-coagulopathies). N Engl J Med. 1965 Dec 16;273(25):1370–1378. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196512162732506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. SHAINOFF J. R., PAGE I. H. Significance of cryoprofibrin in fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. J Exp Med. 1962 Nov 1;116:687–707. doi: 10.1084/jem.116.5.687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. SHAPIRO S. S., McKAY D. G. The prevention of the generalized Shwartzman reaction with sodium warfarin. J Exp Med. 1958 Mar 1;107(3):377–381. doi: 10.1084/jem.107.3.377. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Sack G. H., Jr, Levin J., Bell W. R. Trousseau's syndrome and other manifestations of chronic disseminated coagulopathy in patients with neoplasms: clinical, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic features. Medicine (Baltimore) 1977 Jan;56(1):1–37. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Saldeen T. Trends in microvascular research. The microembolism syndrome. Microvasc Res. 1976 Mar;11(2):227–259. doi: 10.1016/0026-2862(76)90054-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Sharp A. A. Diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Br Med Bull. 1977 Sep;33(3):265–272. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071446. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Slaastad R. A., Jeremic M. The laboratory diagnosis of low-graded disseminated intravascular coagulation. A study in rabbits. Scand J Haematol. 1973;11(1):50–58. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1973.tb00095.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Straub P. W. A case against heparin therapy of intravascular coagulation. Thromb Diath Haemorrh. 1975 Feb 28;33(1):107–112. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Thornton C. A., Bonnar J. Factor VIII-related antigen and factor VIII coagulant activity in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1977 Dec;84(12):919–923. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1977.tb12521.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Umlas J., Kaiser J. Thrombohemolytic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). A disease or a syndrome? Am J Med. 1970 Dec;49(6):723–728. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(70)80054-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Vitsky B. H., Suzuki Y., Strauss L., Churg J. The hemolytic-uremic syndrome: a study of renal pathologic alterations. Am J Pathol. 1969 Dec;57(3):627–647. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Wood E. H., Prentice C. R., McNicol G. P. Association of fibrinogen-fibrin-related antigen (F.R.-antigen) with postoperative deep-vein thrombosis and systemic complications. Lancet. 1972 Jan 22;1(7743):166–169. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90568-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Pathology are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES