Table 4.

Description of validated self-report questionnaires

Outcome	Psychometric measures	Description
AF symptom burden	University of Toronto AF Symptom Severity Scale (AFSS) scores [59, 60]	Assesses global wellbeing, AF frequency, AF duration, AF severity, and healthcare utilization
AF-related quality of life	AF Effect on Quality of Life (AFEQL) Scale [61]	Measures subjective concerns about AF symptoms, physical limitations, satisfaction with treatment, and AF-related anxiety/worry
Health-related quality of life	Short Form Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36) [62]	Measures physical functioning, role limitations, energy/fatigue, emotional/social functioning, and pain
Psychological distress	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) [63]	Validated and reliable tool measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression in chronic health populations with established clinical cut-offs