Abstract
The crystal structure of baboon alpha-lactalbumin has been determined at 6 A and at 4.5 A (0.6 nm and 0.45 nm) resolution by the method of isomorphous replacement. The principal derivative was prepared by reducing a disulphide bridge in the crystals and inserting a mercury atom. Detailed comparison of the electron-density maps with corresponding maps of hen egg-white lysozyme shows that they are closely similar, with correlation coefficients of 0.57 and 0.44 at 6 A and 4.5 A resolution respectively. This result, in accordance with earlier predictions based upon comparisons of amino-acid sequences, provides further evidence that class C lysozymes and alpha-lactalbumins are homologous proteins and it is in keeping with the hypothesis that the alpha-lactalbumins evolved from a lysozyme precursor.
Full text
PDF







Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aschaffenburg R., Fenna R. E., Handford B. O., Phillips D. C. Crystallography of -lactalbumin. I. Low-salt crystals of goat -lactalbumin. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 28;67(3):525–528. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90470-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aschaffenburg R., Fenna R. E., Phillips D. C. Crystallography of -lactalbumin. II. High-salt crystals of goat -lactalbumin. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 28;67(3):529–531. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90471-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Aschaffenburg R., Fenna R. E., Phillips D. C., Smith S. G., Buss D. H., Jenness R., Thompson M. P. Crystallography of alpha-lactalbumin. III. Crystals of baboon milk alpha-lactalbumin. J Mol Biol. 1979 Jan 5;127(1):135–137. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90464-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Blake C. C., Koenig D. F., Mair G. A., North A. C., Phillips D. C., Sarma V. R. Structure of hen egg-white lysozyme. A three-dimensional Fourier synthesis at 2 Angstrom resolution. Nature. 1965 May 22;206(4986):757–761. doi: 10.1038/206757a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brew K., Campbell P. N. The characterization of the whey proteins of guinea-pig milk. The isolation and properties of alpha-lactalbumin. Biochem J. 1967 Jan;102(1):258–264. doi: 10.1042/bj1020258. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brew K., Castellino F. J., Vanaman T. C., Hill R. L. The complete amino acid sequence of bovine alpha-lactalbumin. J Biol Chem. 1970 Sep 10;245(17):4570–4582. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brew K., Vanaman T. C., Hill R. L. The role of alpha-lactalbumin and the A protein in lactose synthetase: a unique mechanism for the control of a biological reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Feb;59(2):491–497. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.2.491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Browne W. J., North A. C., Phillips D. C., Brew K., Vanaman T. C., Hill R. L. A possible three-dimensional structure of bovine alpha-lactalbumin based on that of hen's egg-white lysozyme. J Mol Biol. 1969 May 28;42(1):65–86. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90487-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CANFIELD R. E. THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF EGG WHITE LYSOZYME. J Biol Chem. 1963 Aug;238:2698–2707. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Canfield R. E., Kammerman S., Sobel J. H., Morgan F. J. Primary structure of lysozymes from man and goose. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jul 7;232(27):16–17. doi: 10.1038/newbio232016a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ebner K. E., Denton W. L., Brodbeck U. The substitution of alpha-lactalbumin for the B protein of lactose synthetase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Jul 20;24(2):232–236. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90725-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ely K. R., Girling R. L., Schiffer M., Cunningham D. E., Edmundson A. B. Preparation and properties of crystals of a Bence-Jones dimer with mercury inserted into the interchain disulfide bond. Biochemistry. 1973 Oct 9;12(21):4233–4237. doi: 10.1021/bi00745a030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fenna R. E. Crystallization of cow alpha-lactalbumin. J Mol Biol. 1982 Oct 15;161(1):203–210. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90287-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fenna R. E. Crystallization of human alpha-lactalbumin. J Mol Biol. 1982 Oct 15;161(1):211–215. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90288-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Findlay J. B., Brew K. The complete amino-acid sequence of human -lactalbumin. Eur J Biochem. 1972 May;27(1):65–86. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01812.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall L., Craig R. K., Edbrooke M. R., Campbell P. N. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of cloned human and guinea-pig pre-alpha-lactalbumin cDNA with that of chick pre-lysozyme cDNA suggests evolution from a common ancestral gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jun 11;10(11):3503–3515. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.11.3503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hermann J., Jollés J., Buss D. H., Jollés P. Amino acid sequence of lysozyme from baboon milk. J Mol Biol. 1973 Sep 25;79(3):587–595. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90408-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hiraoka Y., Segawa T., Kuwajima K., Sugai S., Murai N. alpha-Lactalbumin: a calcium metalloprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Aug 14;95(3):1098–1104. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)91585-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jollès J., Jollès P. Comparison between human and bird lysozymes: Note concerning the previously observed deletion. FEBS Lett. 1972 Apr 15;22(1):31–33. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80211-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Koga K., Berliner L. J. Structural elucidation of a hydrophobic box in bovine alpha-lactalbumin by NMR: nuclear Overhauser effects. Biochemistry. 1985 Dec 3;24(25):7257–7262. doi: 10.1021/bi00346a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muirhead H., Cox J. M., Mazzarella L., Perutz M. F. Structure and function of haemoglobin. 3. A three-dimensional fourier synthesis of human deoxyhaemoglobin at 5.5 Angstrom resolution. J Mol Biol. 1967 Aug 28;28(1):117–156. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(67)80082-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Murakami K., Berliner L. J. A distinct zinc binding site in the alpha-lactalbumins regulates calcium binding. Is there a physiological role for this control? Biochemistry. 1983 Jul 5;22(14):3370–3374. doi: 10.1021/bi00283a010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Musci G., Berliner L. J. Physiological roles of zinc and calcium binding to alpha-lactalbumin in lactose biosynthesis. Biochemistry. 1985 Nov 19;24(24):6945–6948. doi: 10.1021/bi00345a029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Petsko G. A., Phillips D. C., Williams R. J., Wilson I. A. On the protein crystal chemistry of chloroplatinite ions: general principles and interactions with triose phosphate isomerase. J Mol Biol. 1978 Apr 15;120(3):345–359. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90423-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Qasba P. K., Safaya S. K. Similarity of the nucleotide sequences of rat alpha-lactalbumin and chicken lysozyme genes. Nature. 1984 Mar 22;308(5957):377–380. doi: 10.1038/308377a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schechter Y., Patchornik A., Burstein Y. Selective reduction of cystine 1-8 in alpha-lactalbumin. Biochemistry. 1973 Aug 28;12(18):3407–3413. doi: 10.1021/bi00742a007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shewale J. G., Sinha S. K., Brew K. Evolution of alpha-lactalbumins. The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha-lactalbumin from a marsupial (Macropus rufogriseus) and corrections to regions of sequence in bovine and goat alpha-lactalbumins. J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 25;259(8):4947–4956. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Warme P. K., Momany F. A., Rumball S. V., Tuttle R. W., Scheraga H. A. Computation of structures of homologous proteins. Alpha-lactalbumin from lysozyme. Biochemistry. 1974 Feb 12;13(4):768–782. doi: 10.1021/bi00701a020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Watson H. C., Shotton D. M., Cox J. M., Muirhead H. Three-dimensional Fourier synthesis of tosyl-elastase at 3.5 å resolution. Nature. 1970 Feb 28;225(5235):806–811. doi: 10.1038/225806a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

