Table 3.
Level of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed.
| State/Region | Type of Animal Feed | Number of Tested Samples | Mycotoxin Detected | Pollution Degree % | Mycotoxin Concentration | Recommended Maximum Mycotoxin Content * mg/kg (ppm) |
Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia | Compound feeds for poultry | 50 | T-2 HT-2 ZEA DON |
90 76 88 56 |
1–130 μg/kg 2–173 μg/kg 3–86 μg/kg 64–1230 μg/kg |
0.25–0.5 (T-2 + HT-2) 0.1–0.5 5 |
[63] |
| Croatia | Grains and animal feeds | 465 | T-2 Diacetoxyscirpenol DON |
16.8 27.6 41.2 |
0.05–3.4 mg/kg | 0.25–0.5 (T-2 + HT-2) _ 0.9–5 |
[64] |
| Pakistan | Fodders ingredients, ready-made poultry feed | 286 80 |
OTA | 31 38 |
51 μg/kg 75 μg/kg |
0.1 | [65] |
| Poland | Fodders ingredients and ready-made feed mixtures | 300 | OTA | 9 | >0.03 μg/kg | 0.05–0.1 | [66] |
| Turkey (Sivas) | Compound feeds | 89 | OTA | 71.91 | 5–>40 ppb | 0.05–0.1 | [67] |
| Uganda | Fodders from feed processing plants Fodders obtained from breeders |
40 27 |
Aflatoxins | 100 | 7.5–393.5 ppb 19–188.5 ppb |
0.02 (AFB1) ** | [68] |
| Croatia | Cereal grains (wheat, oats, corn, barley) | 240 | T-2 HT-2 |
33.8 | 82.7–96.5 μg/kg 83.6–94.1 μg/kg |
0.25–0.5 (T-2 + HT-2) |
[69] |
| Germany | Straw (wheat, barley, triticale, oats, rye) | 192 | ZEA DON T-2 HT-2 |
95.8 | 6.0–785 μg/kg 20–24,000 μg/kg 10–250 μg/kg 20–800 μg/kg |
2–3 5 0.25–0.5 (T-2 + HT-2) |
[62] |
Comments: * The recommended mycotoxin content in feed materials intended for animal feeding mg/kg (ppm), (2006/576/EC), (2013/165/EU), (574/2011/EC), (OJ L 140, 30.5.2002, p. 10). The recommended maximum content of mycotoxins in animal feed varies depending on the species of farm animal and its age. ** (2002/32/EC): maximum content in mg/kg (ppm) relative to a feed with a moisture content of 12%.