Table 2.
Odds of having neuropsychiatric symptoms by white matter hyperintensities (WMH) status among older, cognitively unimpaired adults. The group with the lowest cardiovascular health study (CHS) score (<5) was used as reference.
| Variable | Pooled P-value | CHS score: 5–6 OR (95%CI) |
P-value | CHS score: 7–8 OR (95%CI) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted analyses | |||||
| Psychotic symptoms | p= 1.000 | 0.95 (0.27 – 3.34) | .936 | NA | .998 |
| Depression | p= .144 | 0.93 (0.65 – 1.33) | .694 | 2.14 (0.98 – 4.70) | .057 |
| Anxiety | p= .034 | 1.07 (0.75 – 1.53) | .707 | 2.74 (1.28 – 5.88) | .010 |
| Agitation | p= .049 | 1.06 (0.60 – 1.86) | .843 | 3.51 (1.29 – 9.54) | .014 |
| Disinhibition | p= .011 | 1.94 (1.05 – 3.61) | .035 | 4.42 (1.28 – 15.32) | .019 |
| Irritability | p= .540 | 1.01 (0.69 – 1.49) | .963 | 1.68 (0.67 – 4.18) | .267 |
| Elation | p= .002 | 0.34 (0.05 – 2.93) | .360 | 9.87 (2.63 – 37.10) | <.001 |
| Apathy | p= .608 | 0.96 (0.54 – 1.68) | .873 | 1.85 (0.54 – 6.38) | .330 |
| Motor symptoms | p= .814 | 0.89 (0.31 – 2.56) | .830 | 1.86 (0.24 – 14.53) | .554 |
| Appetite disorders | p= .164 | 1.32 (0.81 – 2.16) | .266 | 2.44 (0.83 – 7.15) | .105 |
| Night-time behaviours | p= .162 | 1.27 (0.88 – 1.81) | .198 | 1.91 (0.81 – 4.49) | .137 |
| Unadjusted analyses | |||||
| Psychotic symptoms | p= .839 | 1.08 (0.33 – 3.54) | p= .904 | NA | .564 |
| Depression | p= .209 | 0.89 (0.64 – 1.22) | p= .450 | 1.77 (0.86 – 3.62) | .116 |
| Anxiety | p= .043 | 1.04 (0.76 – 1.43) | p= .799 | 2.38 (1.18 – 4.79) | .012 |
| Agitation | p= .128 | 0.95 (0.57 – 1.57) | p= .830 | 2.54 (0.99 – 6.55) | .061 |
| Disinhibition | p= .059 | 1.58 (0.89 – 2.80) | p= .112 | 2.95 (0.90 – 9.72) | .062 |
| Irritability | p= .397 | 0.97 (0.69 – 1.35) | p= .840 | 1.69 (0.78 – 3.68) | .182 |
| Elation | p< .001 | 0.33 (0.04 – 2.38) | p= .243 | 8.84 (2.60 – 30.04) | < .001 |
| Apathy | p= .774 | 1.11 (0.69 – 1.78) | p= .670 | 1.43 (0.44 – 4.66) | .555 |
| Motor symptoms | p= .883 | 0.87 (0.35 – 2.17) | p= .757 | 1.47 (0.20 – 10.87) | .703 |
| Appetite disorders | p= .059 | 1.35 (0.86 – 2.11) | p= .191 | 2.60 (1.01 – 6.70) | .040 |
| Night-time behaviours | p= .162 | 1.12 (0.81 – 1.55) | p= .512 | 1.97 (0.94 – 4.15) | .069 |
Bold denotes statistically significant differences between the two groups; between group differences were considered significant only if among group differences were significant as well – p-value for among group differences in provided by each NPS; analyses were adjusted for age, education, MMSE scores, sex, race and vascular risk factors; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; NA: non-applicable – no participant with extensive WMH had psychotic symptoms.