Table 2. Summary of study design and methods used in the included articles (n=84).

Study design	Methods (number of articles)	Study ID **
Quantitative studies (n=42)	Descriptive surveys (n=18)	1,4,11,13,26, 31, 36,37, 49, 53, 55, 73, 76, 87, 103, 104, 109,105
	Longitudinal survey (n=1)	27
	Compliance checklist (n=22)	6,8,7,14,15,16,20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 32, 36, 41, 46, 47, 52, 56, 58, 81, 64
	Geographical Information System (n=1)	84
	Not mentioned (n=1)	2
Qualitative studies (n=26)	Phenomenological approach	10,59, 61
	In-depth interviews (Telephonic/face-to-face)	12, 34, 39,44, 31, 49, 53, 66, 67, 68, 75, 76
	Photovoice	29, 63
	Guided visits, and move-through interviews	34, 43, 66, 67, 76, 79
	Focused group discussions	33, 51, 11
Mixed Methods * (n=16)	Interviews (n=15)	21, 42, 48,50, 54,57,72,78, 82, 83, 65, 74, 77, 80, 37
	Focused Group Discussion (n=1)	45
	Checklists (n=2)	42, 54
	Survey/Likert-scale/Observations/Audits (n=13)	21, 45, 48, 50,57, 78, 82, 83, 74,65, 77, 80, 37
	Document review (n=6)	57, 72, 82, 83, 77,37
	Pareto chart and Failure assessment, Photographs, Travel diary (n=3)	72, 65, 80

^*Authors used multiple methods for data collection.

^**Study ID: The details of the articles can be found in extended data file 3. ¹¹⁵