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. 2024 Oct 15;29(20):4883. doi: 10.3390/molecules29204883

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Course of fibrinolytic activity and inhibition. Fibrinolysis is the process of dissolving blood clots. Tissue- or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tPA, uPA), kallikrein, and activated factor XII (FXIIa) can cause the transformation of plasminogen into plasmin. Formed plasmin degrades the deposited fibrin into fibrin degradation products (FDP). Plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 inhibit both tPA and uPA, whereas C1- esterase inhibitor (C1-inhibitor) modulates both plasma kallikrein and FXIIa. α2-Antiplasmin is a direct inhibitor of plasmin; α2-macroglobulin is a minor plasmin inhibitor. Activated thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) protects the fibrin clot against lysis.