Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources logoLink to Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources
. 2024 Oct 28;9(11):1467–1472. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2419451

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of Diospyros aff. oleifera

Xingyu Zeng 1,*, Wenyan Zhao 1,*, Aihua Deng 1,✉, Lixuan Xiang 1, Xuan Tang 1, Huan Li 1, Hanbin Yin 1, Rongjie Huang 1, Yulong Xiao 1, Yi Liu 1, Zui Yao 1, Yongle Liu 1, Zhitian Du 1, Kerui Huang 1
PMCID: PMC11520100  PMID: 39479478

Abstract

The Diospyros genus (Ebenaceae) has significant economic value. During field surveys, we discovered a Diospyros specimen showing morphological overlap with both D. oleifera and D. kaki var. silvestris, provisionally named Diospyros aff. oleifera. To resolve its taxonomy, we sequenced and analyzed its chloroplast genome. The complete chloroplast genome is 157,732 bp with a quadripartite structure. mVISTA analysis revealed unique sequence variations compared to related species. Phylogenetic analysis using 75 protein-coding genes grouped it with D. oleifera, indicating their close relationship. Our findings suggest this specimen likely represents a novel, undescribed species. This study provides insights into Diospyros diversity and a foundation for future research.

Keywords: Diospyros aff. oleifera, chloroplast genome, phylogenetic analysis, Ebenaceae

Introduction

The genus Diospyros (Ebenaceae) encompasses over 500 species worldwide. Diospyros has a variety of uses, including edible fruits, precious timber, and ornamental purposes. Many plant parts of species within this genus are employed in various folk remedies, including treatments for bleeding, incontinence, insomnia, hiccups, and diarrhea (Rauf et al. 2017). The Diospyros genus plants are precious traditional medicinal resources in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tibetan Medicine, and Ayurveda (Maridass et al. 2008).

Among these, Diospyros oleifera WCCheng 1935 (Shi 1935), a deciduous tree reaching up to 14 m in height, is characterized by gray to gray-brown pubescence covering most of its parts. Its distinctive oblong to oblong-lanceolate leaves, measuring 6.5–17 cm in length, typically exhibit 7–9 lateral veins. This diploid persimmon species serves as an excellent model for studying the genus due to its wide range of applications in biomedical science, food, timber, and chemical industries (Wu et al. 1996). Its rich content of antioxidants and other beneficial compounds contributes to its use in food production, biomedical research, and traditional medicine (Mai et al. 2023).

Another notable species, Diospyros kaki var. silvestris Makino 1908, is a deciduous tree distinguished by its densely yellow-brown pubescent young branches and petioles. Its leaves are comparatively smaller than those of cultivated persimmon trees, ranging from elliptic-ovate to oblong-ovate or obovate in shape. The fruit diameter of this variety does not exceed 5 cm (Makino 1908; Wu et al. 1996). D. kaki var. silvestris fruits are edible after de-astringency upon ripening and are traditionally used for various medicinal purposes, including the potential to prevent and treat high blood pressure and bleeding, slow down oxidation (Uchida et al. 1995), and maintain body temperature (Hibino et al. 2003). Furthermore, it can improve the functions of the lungs, stomach, and spleen (Direito et al. 2017). Leaf extracts have demonstrated effectiveness in the biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles with significant antibacterial properties (Attar and Altikatoglu-Yapaoz 2018), and immature fruits can be used to extract persimmon lacquer (Renzi et al. 1997).

During field surveys, we encountered a Diospyros specimen tentatively identified as Diospyros aff. oleifera (Figure 1). This specimen exhibits morphological characteristics that overlap with both Diospyros oleifera and Diospyros kaki var. silvestris. For instance, it shares the large leaves, oblong to oblong-lanceolate leaf shape, and 7–9 lateral veins characteristic of D. oleifera. However, it also possesses the densely pubescent petioles and leaf blades, and smaller fruit size (2–5 cm in diameter) more typical of D. kaki var. silvestris. This morphological ambiguity prompted us to investigate the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic placement of Diospyros aff. oleifera through chloroplast genome sequencing. Our aim is to determine its relationship to Diospyros oleifera and Diospyros kaki var. silvestris and lay a foundation for its further study in various areas.

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Open in a new tab

Picture of the collected sample of Diospyros aff. oleifera. The picture is self-taken by Hanbin Yin on 10 July 2022, the sample was collected on the same day from Nanyue District, Hengshan County and Eastern Hengyang County in Hunan Province, China (27.26474716°N, 112.71881232°E, altitude 360 m). The young branches and petioles of Diospyros aff. oleifera. are covered in soft yellow-brown hair, with variable elliptical leaves, pointed tips, and wide bases. The fruits have a diameter of no more than 5 cm.

Materials

In terms of plant materials, the fresh fruits were harvested from wild persimmon trees on Heng Mountain in Nanyue District, Hengshan County, and eastern Hengyang County, Hunan Province, China (27.26474716°N, 112.71881232°E, altitude 360 m). The voucher specimen is preserved at the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science (Contact: Ke Rui Huang, huangkerui008@163.com, Voucher Number YS002).

Methods

The total genomic DNA extraction and sequencing process followed the method of Zhang et al. (2023). First, we extracted total DNA from fruit samples stored in liquid nitrogen using the DNeasy Plant Tissue Extraction Kit (manufactured by Beijing Tiangen Biotech Co. Ltd., Beijing, China). Subsequently, we established a library and completed the sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform (provided by Personal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). After using the fastq software to filter out low-quality reads, we excluded a total of 73,952,406 reads (Chen et al. 2018). Then, we performed de novo assembly of the chloroplast genome of Diospyros aff. oleifera using the GetOrganelle v1.7.5 (Jin et al. 2020) software and annotated the assembled genome with the CPGAVAS2 tool (Shi et al. 2019). Finally, we visualized the genome map using the CPGView (http://www.1kmpg.cn/cpgview/) tool.

To assess the sequence variation and identify potential regions of divergence among the chloroplast genomes of Diospyros aff. oleifera, D. oleifera, and D. kaki var. silvestris, we employed the mVISTA program (http://genome.lbl.gov/vista/mvista/submit.shtml). The complete chloroplast genome sequence of D. oleifera (NCBI accession number: NC070387) was used as the reference sequence. All available complete chloroplast genome sequences of D. oleifera and D. kaki were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database and included in the analysis. The sequences were aligned using MAFFT v7.313 (Rozewicki et al. 2019) with default parameters.

For the phylogenetic analysis, we downloaded 40 chloroplast genomes from the GenBank database and set Stewartia as the outgroup and selected 75 common protein-coding genes from these genomes. We aligned each gene separately using MAFFT v7.313 (Rozewicki et al. 2019) and then masked the gene sequences using Gblocks 0.91b software (Guo et al. 2022). We concatenated the sequences of each gene to construct the supergene for each species. Under the TVM + F + I + G4 model with 5000 ultrafast bootstrap replications, we obtained the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic inference results using the IQ-TREE (Nguyen et al. 2015) software and the Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test method.

Results

The chloroplast genome of Diospyros aff. oleifera is circular and 157,732 bp long, comprising a large single-copy region (LSC) of 87,044 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,510 bp, and two identical reverse repeat (IR) regions, each 26,089 bp long, as illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure S1. The total G + C content of the chloroplast genome is 37.40%, with the G + C contents of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions being 35.41%, 30.81%, and 43.08%, respectively. The genome contains 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. Among them, 18 genes are duplicated within the IR region. The chloroplast genome sequencing depth distribution is illustrated in Figure S2, and the structures of the cis- and trans-splicing genes are illustrated in Figure S3.

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Open in a new tab

Gene map of the Diospyros aff. oleifera. chloroplast genome. From the center outward, the first track indicates the dispersed repeats. The second track shows the long tandem repeats as short blue bars. The third track shows the short tandem repeats or microsatellite sequences as short bars with different colors; the fourth track shows small single-copy (SSC), inverted repeat (Ira and Irb), and large single-copy (LSC) regions. The GC content along the genome is plotted on the fifth track; the genes are shown on the sixth track.

To further investigate the relationship between Diospyros aff. oleifera, Diospyros oleifera, and Diospyros kaki var. silvestris, we conducted a chloroplast genome sequence variation analysis using mVISTA (Figure 3). We included all available D. oleifera and D. kaki (the parent species of D. kaki var. silvestris) sequences from NCBI and used the only available complete chloroplast genome sequence of D. oleifera (NCBI accession number NC070387) as a reference. The analysis revealed a high degree of overall similarity between the three species, suggesting a close phylogenetic relationship. However, detailed comparisons showed significant differences in the chloroplast genomes of D. aff. oleifera compared to both D. oleifera and D. kaki. Notably, D. aff. oleifera exhibited unique variations in specific regions when compared to D. oleifera – for instance, areas around 34 kb (near psbD), 57 kb (near rbcL), 64 kb (near cemA), 85 kb (within rpl16), and both within and adjacent to rpl32 (117 kb) showed greater differences. Variations were also observed at positions around 32–33 kb, 54 kb, 97 kb, and near ycf15 (148 kb), where D. aff. oleifera differed from D. kaki. Additionally, D. aff. oleifera displayed unique variations in regions such as near 18 kb (within rpoC2), 71 kb (near rps18), and within ndhA (124 kb), which were distinct from both species. Furthermore, the chloroplast genome length of D. aff. oleifera is 157,732 bp, which is 8 bp longer than that of D. oleifera (157,724 bp). Based on the mVISTA analysis, this length difference is attributed to the diverse genetic variations mentioned above, reflecting the influence of complex genetic factors. These variations, including insertions and deletions in specific regions, contribute to the overall genome length difference and underscore the unique genetic makeup of D. aff. oleifera. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that Diospyros aff. oleifera represents a potentially novel and undescribed species, distinct from D. oleifera and potentially D. kaki var. silvestris.

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Open in a new tab

mVISTA-based chloroplast genome sequence comparison of Diospyros aff. oleifera with D. oleifera and D. kaki. This figure visualizes the chloroplast genome sequence variations among Diospyros aff. oleifera, D. oleifera, and D. kaki var. silvestris using mVISTA. The analysis utilized the D. oleifera sequence (NC070387) as a reference. Peaks above the horizontal axis indicate regions with high sequence conservation. The sequences included are NC070387 (Diospyros oleifera, reference sequence), OR260547 (Diospyros aff. oleifera), and MW557547, NC_030789, and OL457298 (Diospyros kaki).

Figure 4 depicts a detailed phylogenetic tree constructed using the chloroplast genome of Diospyros aff. oleifera, which highlights its evolutionary relationship within the species. The study reveals that Diospyros aff. oleifera is closely related to D. oleifera and D. sp. ‘deyangshi’, belonging to the same evolutionary branch. Furthermore, D. virginiana and three D. kaki samples (MW557547, OL457298, and NC060861) are tightly clustered on one branch of the phylogenetic tree as a sister group of the clade of Diospyros aff. oleifera. This indicates that Diospyros aff. oleifera is more closely related to D. oleifera than to D. kaki or D. kaki var. silvestris, which, together with the mVISTA result, supports the hypothesis that D. aff. oleifera represents a potentially novel and undescribed species. Another notable thing is that D. rhombifolia and D. nigra are grouped on another faraway branch, in agreement with previous studies (Turner et al. 2013; Samuel et al. 2019). However, in this study, D. celebica is found to be closely related to D. kaki, D. lotus, D. glaucifolia, D. virginiana, D. eriantha, D. nigra, and D. rhombifolia, unlike previous research where D. celebica was not positioned near these species on the phylogenetic tree, representing a novel discovery (Turner et al. 2013; Samuel et al. 2019).

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Open in a new tab

Maximum-likelihood tree of Diospyros aff. oleifera and 29 related species constructed by using the IQ-tree based on 75 protein-coding genes shared by all genomes. Bootstrap values are shown next to the nodes. The following sequences were used: Diospyros blancoi NC033502, Diospyros celebica NC046040, Diospyros maclurei NC042161 (Liu et al. 2018), Diospyros cathayensis NC039554 (Li et al. 2018), Diospyros rhombifolia NC039556 (Li et al. 2018), Diospyros sutchuensis NC067511 (Yang et al. 2024), Diospyros nigra NC059001, Diospyros eriantha NC081462, Diospyros strigose OP480009, Diospyros hainanensis NC042160 (Song et al. 2019), Diospyros virginiana NC039555 (Li et al. 2018), Diospyros glaucifolia NC030784 (Fu et al. 2016), Diospyros lotus NC030786 (Fu et al. 2016), Diospyros morrisiana NC081461, Diospyros sp. LHM 2015 KM522848, Diospyros kaki MW557547 (Fu et al. 2016), Diospyros kaki OL457298, Diospyros vaccinioides NC060861, Diospyros kaki NC030789, Diospyros aff. oleifera OR260547, Diospyros oleifera NC030787 (Fu et al. 2016), Diospyros sp. ‘deyangshi’ MF288575 (Li et al. 2018), Stewartia monadelpha NC041468 (Prince 2002), Stewartia pseudocamellia MH753082 (Prince 2002), Stewartia rubiginosa MH753080, Stewartia rostrata MH753081 (Prince 2002), Stewartia sinensis MH737738 (Prince 2002), Stewartia sinensis var. acutisepala MH782177, and Stewartia pseudocamellia var. koreana MH782176. Stewartia was set as the outgroup.

Discussion and conclusions

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast genome of a putative novel Diospyros species, tentatively identified as Diospyros aff. oleifera, discovered during field surveys. This specimen exhibits morphological characteristics that overlap with both D. oleifera and D. kaki var. silvestris, leading to ambiguity regarding its taxonomic classification.

Our chloroplast genome sequencing and comparative analysis provide compelling evidence to support the hypothesis that Diospyros aff. oleifera represents a distinct species. While the overall genome structure and gene content are similar to those of other Diospyros species, the mVISTA analysis revealed unique sequence variations in specific regions that differentiate D. aff. oleifera from both D. oleifera and potentially D. kaki var. silvestris. These variations suggest a unique evolutionary trajectory for this putative novel species.

The phylogenetic analysis further corroborates this conclusion. Diospyros aff. oleifera is placed within the same clade as D. oleifera and D. sp. ‘deyangshi’, indicating a closer relationship to D. oleifera than to D. kaki or D. kaki var. silvestris. This finding aligns with the observed morphological similarities between Diospyros aff. oleifera and D. oleifera, and finally supports the hypothesis that D. aff. oleifera is distinct from both D. oleifera and D. kaki var. silvestris.

The observed discrepancies in the phylogenetic placement of certain Diospyros species, such as D. celebica, compared to previous studies (Turner et al. 2013; Samuel et al. 2019) highlight the need for further investigation and more comprehensive sampling within the genus. The significant intraspecific variation observed within D. kaki samples also underscores the importance of considering intraspecific diversity when conducting phylogenetic analysis.

Our investigation of the chloroplast genome of Diospyros aff. oleifera reveals its unique genetic makeup and phylogenetic placement within the Diospyros genus. Comparative analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction strongly support its recognition as a potentially novel species, distinct from both D. oleifera and D. kaki var. silvestris. This discovery highlights the importance of continued exploration and genetic characterization of plant biodiversity. Further research, including nuclear genome analysis and more extensive morphological studies, is crucial to solidify its taxonomic status and explore its potential utility. This study provides a valuable foundation for future investigations into this intriguing Diospyros species.

Supplementary Material

Supplemental Material.docx
TMDN_A_2419451_SM9087.docx (435.2KB, docx)

Funding Statement

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department [22A0487] and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province [2022JJ50249].

Author contributions

Aihua Deng and Kerui Huang designed the study; Xingyu Zeng, Wenyan Zhao, Lixuan Xiang, Xuan Tang, Huan Li, Hanbin Yin, Rongjie Huang, Yulong Xiao, Yi Liu, Zui Yao, Yongle Liu, and Zhitian Du collected and interpreted the data; Xingyu Zeng and Aihua Deng analyzed the data; Xingyu Zeng drafted the manuscript; Lixuan Xiang, Yi Liu, Zui Yao, Yongle Liu, and Zhitian Du revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Ethical approval

Field studies complied with local legislation, and appropriate permissions were granted by College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science before the samples were collected.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Diospyros aff. oleifera has been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number OR260547. The associated BioProject, SRA, and Bio-Sample numbers are PRJNA1096847, SRR28573592, and SAMN40770032, respectively.

References

  1. Attar A, Altikatoglu-Yapaoz M.. 2018. Biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Diospyros kaki leaf extract and determination of antibacterial efficacy. Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 48(7):629–634. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1479862. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J.. 2018. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics. 34(17):i884–i890. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Direito R, Lima A, Rocha J, Ferreira RB, Mota J, Rebelo P, Fernandes A, Pinto R, Alves P, Bronze R, et al. 2017. Diospyros kaki phenolics inhibit colitis and colon cancer cell proliferation, but not gelatinase activities. J Nutr Biochem. 46:100–108. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fu J, Liu H, Hu J, Liang Y, Liang J, Wuyun T, Tan X.. 2016. Five complete chloroplast genome sequences from Diospyros: genome organization and comparative analysis. PLOS One. 11(7):e0159566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159566. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Guo S, Liao X, Chen S, Liao B, Guo Y, Cheng R, Xiao S, Hu H, Chen J, Pei J, et al. 2022. A comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes of four Polygonum medicinal plants. Front Genet. 13:764534. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.764534. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hibino G, Nadamoto T, Fujisawa F, Fushiki T.. 2003. Regulation of the peripheral body temperature by foods: a temperature decrease induced by the Japanese persimmon (kaki, Diospyros kaki). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 67(1):23–28. doi: 10.1271/bbb.67.23. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Jin J, Yu W, Yang J, Song Y, DePamphilis C, Yi T, Li D.. 2020. GetOrganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes. Genome Biol. 21(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s13059-020-02154-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Li W, Liu Y, Yong Y, Xie X, Lu Y, Yang Z, Jin X, Dong W, Suo Z.. 2018. Interspecific chloroplast genome sequence diversity and genomic resources in Diospyros. BMC Plant Biol. 18(1):210. doi: 10.1186/s12870-018-1421-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Liu W, Tan X, Zhao K, Zhu Z, Wang H.. 2018. Complete plastome sequences of Diospyros maclurei Merr. and Diospyros hainanensis Merr.(Ebenaceae): two endemic species in Hainan Province, China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. 3(2):1205–1207. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1524724. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mai Y, Sun P, Suo Y, Li H, Han W, Diao S, Wang L, Yuan J, Wang Y, Ye L, et al. 2023. Regulatory mechanism of MeGI on sexuality in Diospyros oleifera. Front Plant Sci. 14:1046235. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1046235. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Makino T. 1908. Observations on the Flora of Japan. Shokubutsugaku Zasshi. 22(263):en165–en178. doi: 10.15281/jplantres1887.22.263_165. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  12. Maridass M, Ghanthikumar S, Raju G.. 2008. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Diospyros species. Ethnobot Leafl. 2008(1):118. [Google Scholar]
  13. Nguyen L, Schmidt H, Von-Haeseler A, Minh B.. 2015. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol. 32(1):268–274. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu300. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Prince L. 2002. Circumscription and biogeographic patterns in the Eastern North American-East Asian genus Stewartia (Theaceae: Stewartieae): insight from chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence data. Castanea. 67(3):290–301. [Google Scholar]
  15. Rauf A, Uddin G, Patel S, Khan A, Halim SA, Bawazeer S, Ahmad K, Muhammad N, Mubarak MS.. 2017. Diospyros, an under-utilized, multi-purpose plant genus: a review. Biomed Pharmacother. 91:714–730. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Renzi W, Yong Y, Gaochao L.. 1997. Chinese persimmon germplasm resources. Acta Hortic. 436:43–50. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.436.3. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rozewicki J, Li S, Amada K, Standley D, Katoh K.. 2019. MAFFT-DASH: integrated protein sequence and structural alignment. Nucleic Acids Res. 47(W1):W5–W10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Samuel R, Turner B, Duangjai S, Munzinger J, Paun O, Barfuss M, Chase M.. 2019. Systematics and evolution of the Old World Ebenaceae, a review with emphasis on the large genus Diospyros and its radiation in New Caledonia. Bot J Linn Soc. 189(2):99–114. doi: 10.1093/botlinnean/boy081. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shi L, Chen H, Jiang M, Wang L, Wu X, Huang L, Liu C.. 2019. CPGAVAS2, an integrated plastome sequence annotator and analyzer. Nucleic Acids Res. 47(W1):W65–W73. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shi Y. 1935. Flora of China (FOC), Diospyros oleifera Cheng. Contr Biol Lab Chin Assoc Advance Sci Sect Bot. 10:80. [Google Scholar]
  21. Song Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Li W, Li M.. 2019. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Dalbergia species and its phylogenetic implications. Sci Rep. 9(1):20401. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56727-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Turner B, Munzinger J, Duangjai S, Temsch E, Stockenhuber R, Barfuss M, Chase M, Samuel R.. 2013. Molecular phylogenetics of New Caledonian Diospyros (Ebenaceae) using plastid and nuclear markers. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 69(3):740–763. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.002. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Uchida S, Ozaki M, Akashi T, Yamashita K, Niwa M, Taniyama K.. 1995. Effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (green tea tannin) on the life span of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl. 22(1):S302–S303. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02928.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Wu Z, Raven P, Hong D.. 1996. Flora of China. Vol. 15 (Ebenaceae through Symplocaceae). St. Louis/Beijing: Missouri Botanical Garden Press/Science Press. [Google Scholar]
  25. Yang N, Wang A, Zhang Z, Zhao L.. 2024. Characteristics of chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of Diospyros sutchuensis with extremely small populations. Guihaia. 2024(1):29. [Google Scholar]
  26. Zhang N, Xie P, Huang K, Yin H, Mo P, Wang Y.. 2023. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Centaurea cyanus (Asteraceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. 8(3):393–397. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2185470. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

Supplemental Material.docx
TMDN_A_2419451_SM9087.docx (435.2KB, docx)

Data Availability Statement

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Diospyros aff. oleifera has been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number OR260547. The associated BioProject, SRA, and Bio-Sample numbers are PRJNA1096847, SRR28573592, and SAMN40770032, respectively.

Articles from Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES