Fig. 3.

WA mitigated microglia inflammation and improved cognitive ability in mice. (A) Co-labeling of microglia marker IBA-1 and inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the hippocampal region (scale bar = 40–20 μm). Relative fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and co-labeled cell count shown in (B) and (C), respectively (n = 3). (D Immunohistochemical staining of hippocampal IBA-1, indicating activated microglia cell count shown in (E) (scale bar = 40–20 μm, n = 3). (F Movement trajectory of mice in the Y-maze experiment, with blue representing the Novel arm. (G-H) Mouse movement paths within the Novel arm of the Y-maze and number of explorations of the Novel arm (n = 10). (I) Recognition index of mice in the novel object recognition test (n = 10). (J Number of instances of mice recognizing the novel object in the test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the corresponding group, as determined by the one-way ANOVA .