The mean gait speed listed in Table 1 is incorrect. Participants with sarcopenia had a mean gait speed of 0.6m/s (SD: 0.1), whereas the mean gait speed of participants with no sarcopenia was 1.0m/s (SD: 0.2). Please see the correct Table 1 here.
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Characteristic | All participants n = 110 |
Sarcopeniaa n = 30 |
No sarcopenia n = 80 |
p | Missing n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 74.6 (7.1) | 75.7 (7.6) | 74.1 (6.8) | 0.30 | 0 (0) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.5 (4.7) | 26.5 (4.9) | 27.9 (4.6) | 0.18 | 0 (0) |
| Race | 0 (0) | ||||
| Black | 13 (11.8) | 3 (10.0) | 10 (12.5) | 0.76 | |
| South Asian | 7 (6.4) | 3 (10.0) | 4 (5.0) | ||
| Southeast Asian | 8 (7.3) | 3 (10.0) | 5 (6.3) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | ||
| White | 81 (73.6) | 21 (70.0) | 60 (75.0) | ||
| Education, n (%) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Completed college/university or graduate degree | 58 (52.7) | 15 (50.0) | 43 (53.8) | 0.72 | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Gleason score ≥ 8, n (%) | 46 (48.9) | 11 (45.8) | 35 (50.0) | 0.72 | 16 (14.5) |
| ADT duration (years), mean (SD) | 6.2 (4.9) | 6.4 (4.6) | 6.1 (5.0) | 0.73 | 0 (0) |
| Treatment type, n (%) | 0.002 | 0 (0) | |||
| ARAT | 63 (57.3) | 10 (33.3) | 53 (66.3) | ||
| Chemotherapy | 47 (42.7) | 20 (66.7) | 27 (33.8) | ||
| Bone metastasis, n (%) | 80 (72.7) | 20 (66.7) | 60 (75.0) | 0.38 | 0 (0) |
| PSA most proximal to baseline, median (IQR), nmol/L | 26.0 (8.9–76.1) |
78.0 (76.0) | 146.3 (806.9) | 0.65 | 2 (1.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| MoCA, mean (SD) | 24.6 (3.6) | 24.9 (3.5) | 24.4 (3.7) | 0.59 | 1 (0.9) |
| Dependence in one or more IADLs, n (%) | 41 (37.3) | 21 (70.0) | 20 (25.3) | <0.001 | 1 (0.9) |
| VES-13 ≥3, n (%) | 30 (27.3) | 17 (56.7) | 13 (16.3) | <0.001 | 0 (0) |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 53 (48.2) | 15 (50.0) | 38 (47.5) | 0.81 | 0 (0) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 5 (4.5) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (13.3) | 0.007 | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 22 (20.0) | 8 (26.7) | 14 (17.5) | 0.28 | 0 (0) |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 46 (41.8) | 14 (46.7) | 32 (40.0) | 0.53 | 0 (0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 60 (54.5) | 21 (70.0) | 39 (48.8) | 0.046 | 0 (0) |
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | 7 (6.4) | 3 (10.0) | 4 (5.0) | 0.34 | 0 (0) |
| Blood markers | |||||
| Albumin (g/L), mean (SD) units | 40.1 (3.5) | 37.9 (3.6) | 41.0 (3.1) | <0.001 | 15 (13.6) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (u/l), median, (IQR) | 96.0 (74.0–143.3) |
194.9 (184.2) | 130.0 (150.1) | 0.10 | 12 (10.9) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (u/l), mean (SD) | 260.9 (99.2) | 308.14 (132.61) | 240.5 (73.0) | 0.016 | 17 (15.5) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L), mean (SD) | 123.5 (15.9) | 112.34 (17.0) | 128.0 (12.9) | <0.001 | 10 (9.1) |
| Creatinine (IU/L), mean (SD) | 99.7 (50.2) | 111.1 (52.19) | 94.9 (48.9) | 0.14 | 10 (9.1) |
| Sarcopenia-related measures | |||||
| Grip strength (kg), mean (SD) | 31.8 (7.8) | 25.6 (4.7) | 34.1 (7.4) | <0.001 | 0 (0) |
| Gait speed (m/s), mean (SD) | 0.93 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.2) | <0.001 | 0 (0) |
| Grip strength, n (%) | |||||
| <35.5kg | 74 (67.3) | 30 (100.0) | 44 (55.0) | <0.001 | 0 (0) |
| Gait speed, n (%) | 0 (0) | ||||
| <0.8m/s | 36 (32.7) | 30 (100.0) | 6 (7.5) | <0.001 | |
| Days from CT scan to treatment initiation, mean (SD) | 46.2 (41.2) | 43.6 (37.8) | 47.1 (42.6) | 0.69 | 0 (0) |
| Skeletal muscle index, cm2/m2, mean (SD) | 42.9 (7.4) | 39.9 (6.5) | 44.0 (7.3) | 0.008 | 0 (0) |
| Muscle density (HU), mean (SD) | 27.2 (9.8) | 25.2 (9.3) | 27.9 (9.9) | 0.19 | 0 (0) |
| Low skeletal muscle index, n (%) | 91 (82.7) | 28 (93.3) | 63 (78.8) | 0.072 | 0 (0) |
| Low skeletal muscle density, n (%) | 86 (78.2) | 28 (93.3) | 58 (72.5) | 0.018 | 0 (0) |
aSarcopenia was defined as the presence of low muscle strength (grip strength <35.5kg), low gait speed (walking speed <0.8m/s), and low muscle quantity or quality.
ADT = androgen deprivation therapy; ARAT = androgen receptor-axis targeted therapy; BMI = body mass index; IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living; MoCA = Montreal cognitive assessment; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; VES-13 = Vulnerable Elders Survey-13
Reference
- 1.Papadopoulos E, Wong AKO, Law SHC, Zhang LZJ, Breunis H, Emmenegger U, et al. (2023) The impact of sarcopenia on clinical outcomes in men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. PLOS ONE 18(6): e0286381. 10.1371/journal.pone.0286381 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]