Figure 1.

Overview of ex vivo liver models: The diagram highlights three common ex vivo liver models: Liver Organoids, Precision-Cut Liver Slice (PCLS) Systems, and Liver-on-a-Chip (LoC). Each model has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Liver organoids are multicellular and can be easily adapted or augmented, allowing long-term temporal studies with more available material. PCLS systems preserve tissue architecture but may suffer from variability. LoC technology provides a more physiologically relevant microenvironment, but limitations include lack of vascularization and absence of peripheral immune components. These models collectively contribute to advancing liver research, with varying suitability based on experimental needs.