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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Causal effects of different types of vitamin B supplementation on possible mediators. (A) Vitamin B6 supplementation–Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011–AD supplementation. (B) Vitamin B12 supplementation–Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group–AD. (C) Multivitamin B supplementation–Bifidobacterium–AD.