1Division of Traumatology, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, MOB 1, Suite 120, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
2Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics (LDI), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
3Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation (CPORT), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
4Surgical Critical Care, Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
5Department of Traumatology at, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål (OUH U), Olso, Norway
6Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA USA
7Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA USA
8Comparative Effectiveness and Clinical Outcomes Research Center – CECORC, Moreno Valley, CA USA
9State University of Milan, Milan, Italy
10Emergency Surgery Unit, Ospedale Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
11General & Emergency Surgery Division, A. Manzoni Hospital, ASST, Lecco, Lombardy Italy
12Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
13Department of Surgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
14Division of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, 701 85 Orebro, Sweden
15Faculty of School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, 702 81 Orebro, Sweden
16Letterkenny Hospital and Galway University, Letterkenny, Ireland
17Emergency Surgery, Meilahti Tower Hospital, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, PO Box 340, 00029 Helsinki, HUS Finland
18Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid (HGGM), Madrid, Spain
19Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull, England Hu3 2Jz UK
20Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
21Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany