Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia is an important disease that needs attention in the world. The aim of this paper was to quantify the trend of sarcopenia’s scientific publications of EMRI (Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Iran).
Methods
All studies and scientific articles on sarcopenia which were affiliated to EMRI and its research centers have been recruited in this review through an inclusive search in web of science until 20th December 2019. The number of documents, publication year, main journals, citations, subject area and co-authorship network of authors were assessed.
Results
Totally, 28 documents from EMRI were related to sarcopenia and indexed in the web of science. The number of documents showed an increasing trend. Most publications were “meeting abstract” at prestigious congresses. The top subject area were “epidemiology” and “association with other diseases”. The highest cited article was a systematic review study, and the top source was “Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders” Journal.
Conclusion
EMRI provides an appropriate face of sarcopenia publications in the world. However, there is a need for more effort in other subject areas of sarcopenia, this study would be helpful for Iranian researchers to conduct better research in this field.
Keywords: Sarcopenia, Scientometry, EMRI, Iran
Introduction
Sarcopenia is characterized by age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass and function with increased adverse outcomes including falls, fracture, metabolic disorders, disability, loss of independence and mortality [1]. After two decades, it has been defined as a geriatric disease with an ICD-10 code in 2016 [2]. Simultaneously with increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of sarcopenia is rising all over the world. To improve the early detection, prevention, and treatment of sarcopenia, some researches have been published. However, there has been no systematic analysis of scientific publications trends in this field.
Scientometric study is used for understanding the advances and gaps in a specific field. Also, this analysis can help to identify influential research centers or authors and it will predict the research trend of that field [3].
Therefore, an analytical approach in scientific productions in the field of sarcopenia is important that can provide practical information for researchers and also, for policymakers since it allows them to implement the prevention and management programs based on trend studies [4].
So, we performed a scientometric analysis in scientific publications in the field of sarcopenia at the Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), as a center with the most research in this field in Iran. This information can provide a map for future research strategies in the field of sarcopenia and in addition, it can give us an idea of the performance of this research field in our institute.
Methods
Search strategies
Documents were searched in web of science database across title, abstract and keywords using the following queries: “sarcopenia” OR “*sarcopenia” AND “IRAN” AND (“Endocrinology and metabolism research institute” OR “Endocrinology and metabolism research center”). All relevant available studies, including review articles, original articles, case reports, conference abstracts, and letters, conducted in EMRI and published before 20th December 2019 were included in the analysis. After assessment the title and abstract of enrolled papers, duplicated articles were excluded. Finally, 28 documents remained for analysis.
Data analysis
Included articles were analyzed based on publication year, main source with impact factor (IF), subject area, document’s type, document’s citations and total number of publications. The journal IF was evaluated using the Journal Citation Report 2018 Science Edition by Thomson Reuters (New York, NY, USA). We investigated SCImago journal rank (SJR) in addition to IF. SPSS version 21 was used to assess the correlation between the number of published papers and the year of publication. Moreover, in order to provide information on scientific collaboration between coauthors in the field, Visualizing Scientific Landscapes (VOS viewer) software version 1.6.13 (available at www.vosviewer.com) was used for displaying large bibliometric maps in label view and density view.
Results
We identified 28 documents affiliated to EMRI, published between 2012 and 2019. The trend of annual publications over time is presented in Fig. 1. The pike in the number of publications happened in 2018, with 12 documents (42.8% of all documents). The R2 = 0.504 indicated a steady increase up to now in the number of publications in this field. The overall correlation between the number of published documents and the year of publication was 0.71 (P = 0.04).
Fig. 1.
Time-trend distribution of published documents in the field of sarcopenia at EMRI
Journal of “osteoporosis international” with publishing 15 documents (53.6%) had the highest rate of publication (IF = 3.591), followed by “Journal of Diabetes and metabolic disorders” with 4 documents (14.3%) and no IF, and “Journal of bone and mineral research” with 2 documents (IF = 5.711), (Table 1).
Table 1.
Characteristics of sources for the published documents in field of sarcopenia in EMRI
| Title of Journal | IF(SJR) | Documents (number/%) | Total citations to document | Citation to highest cited document | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Osteoporosis International | 3.591(1.38) | 15(53.4) | 61 | 61 |
| 2 | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders | -(0.67) | 4(14.3) | 83 | 73 |
| 3 | Nutrition | 3.42(2.18) | 1(3.6) | 38 | 38 |
| 4 | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 2.611(1.09) | 1 (3.6) | 6 | 6 |
| 5 | Aging clinical and experimental research | 2.331(0.75) | 1(3.6) | 7 | 7 |
| 6 | BMJ Open | 2.376(1.32) | 1(3.6) | 2 | 2 |
| 7 | Journal of bone and mineral research | 5.711(2.39) | 2 (7.1) | 0 | 0 |
| 8 | PEERJ | 2.35(1.04) | 1(3.6) | 2 | 2 |
| 9 | International Journal of preventive medicine | -(0.59) | 1(3.6) | 0 | 0 |
| 10 | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics | 3.265(1.05) | 1(3.6) | 0 | 0 |
The major types of article retrieved were “Meeting Abstract” (n = 16, 57.1%), and “Original/Review articles (n = 12, 42.9%). Among subject areas of the documents, the top subject areas were “Epidemiology” (9 documents, 32.1%) and “Association with other disease”(9 documents, 32.1%), followed by “Nutrition/physical activity” (n = 5),” Screening of sarcopenia” (n = 3), and ‘pathophysiology (n = 2) (Table 2).
Table 2.
Characteristics of the published documents in the field of sarcopenia in EMRI
| Title of article | Year | Type of article | Field of article | Title of Journal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Association of sarcopenia and its parameters with metabolically healthy obesity: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program [5] | 2019 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 2 | Comparisons of prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia by EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2 diagnostic criteria among community-dwelling older people of Iran: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program [6] | 2019 | Meeting abstract | Epidemiology | Osteoporosis International |
| 3 | Prevalence of osteosarcopenia and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian older people: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [7] | 2019 | Article | Epidemiology | Calcified Tissue International |
| 4 | Sarcopenia disease in Iran: an overview [8] | 2019 | Article | Association with Other Diseases | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders |
| 5 | Identification of candidate genes and proteins in aging skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) using gene expression and structural analysis [9] | 2018 | Article | Pathophysiology | Peer J |
| 6 | Association of osteosarcopenia and cognitive impairment in a community-dwelling older population: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program [10] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Journal of bone and mineral research |
| 7 | Association between nutritional status and sarcopenia in a community-dwelling older population: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [11] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Nutrition/ Physical activity | Journal of bone and mineral research |
| 8 | Socioeconomic inequality of sarcopenia in Iran The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [12] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 9 | Development and validation of sarcopenia screening model for older people: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [13] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Screening of sarcopenia | Osteoporosis International |
| 10 | Association of sarcopenia components and bone parameters with risk of falling in older people: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [14] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 11 | Association of sarcopenia and its parameters with type 2 diabetes: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [15] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 12 | Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Reference Values and the Peak Muscle Mass to Identify Sarcopenia among Iranian Healthy Population [16] | 2018 | Article | Epidemiology | International Journal of preventive medicine |
| 13 | Association between metabolic syndrome and muscle health, quality and quantity of bone: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [17] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 14 | Association of cognitive impairment and sarcopenia in older adults: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [18] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 15 | The socio-economic inequality of dysmobility syndrome among community residing elderly in Iran: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [19] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Association with Other Diseases | Osteoporosis International |
| 16 | Prevalence of dysmobility syndrome in community dwelling elderly in Iran: The Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program [20] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Epidemiology | Osteoporosis International |
| 17 | Development and validation of anthropometric prediction model for estimation of muscle mass in the elderly [21] | 2018 | Meeting abstract | Screening of sarcopenia | Osteoporosis International |
| 18 | Circulating cell-free nucleic acids as potential biomarkers for sarcopenia: a step toward personalized medicine [22] | 2017 | Article | Pathophysiology | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders |
| 19 | Relationship between major dietary patterns and sarcopenia among menopausal women [23] | 2017 | Article | Nutrition/ Physical activity | Aging clinical and experimental research |
| 20 | Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme: study protocol and design of musculoskeletal system and cognitive function (stage II) [24] | 2017 | Article | Epidemiology | BMJ open |
| 21 | Persian version of the SARC-F: Validation and cultural adaption to evaluate sarcopenia in Iran [25] | 2017 | Meeting abstract | Screening of sarcopenia | Osteoporosis International |
| 22 | Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies [26] | 2017 | Article | Epidemiology | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders |
| 23 | Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: systematic review. [27] | 2017 | Article | Nutrition/ Physical activity | Osteoporosis International |
| 24 | Sarcopenia and its associated factors in Iranian older individuals: Results of SARIR study [28] | 2016 | Article | Epidemiology | Archives of gerontology and geriatrics |
| 25 | Cyclic yoga for the prevention of age-related sarcopenia [29] | 2016 | Article | Nutrition/ Physical activity | Osteoporosis International |
| 26 | Diet and its relationship to sarcopenia in community-dwelling Iranian elderly: A cross-sectional study [30] | 2015 | Article | Nutrition/ Physical activity | Nutrition |
| 27 | Presarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia among Iranian elderlies: The first epidemiological report [31] | 2014 | Meeting abstract | Epidemiology | Osteoporosis International |
| 28 |
Sarcopenia and its determinants among Iranian elderly (SARIR): Study protocol [32] |
2012 | Article | Epidemiology | Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders |
Of the top three highly cited articles, two papers were systematic review [26, 27] and another one was an original article [30]. The highest citation was for the article being published in the.
‘Journal of Diabetes and metabolic disorders” with 73 citations [26].
Figures 2 and 3 are shown co-authorship network of authors in the field of sarcopenia. In label view co-authorship, two weights, one for number of links, and the other for total strength of link are provided automatically. In density network, each point is colored between red and blue. The color is closer to red when the number and weight of points are larger and higher than other points. We found 63 authors that published documents in the field of sarcopenia. Of these, the authors with the greatest total link strength with other authors had been selected. The top 3 authors were “Shafiee G”, “Heshmat R”, and “Larijani B” with the highest co-authorships.
Fig. 2.
Lable view of co-authorship network of authors for the published documents in the studied field
Fig. 3.
Density view of co-authorship network of authors for the published documents in the studied field
Discussion
In the present study, the trend of scientific publications in the field of sarcopenia in EMRI was assessed. In this view, 28 documents were extracted from the web of science database. Our data showed a significant increase in publications between 2012 and 2019 despite lack of article in 2013.
The majority of published products in this searched field were “meeting abstracts” for international congress such as International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), an important congress in the field of musculoskeletal disorders.
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) has recommended the scientific research on epidemiology, screening, prevention and intervention on sarcopenia in the world as are shown in our recent review [1]. In the recent review, we showed that mentioned studies on sarcopenia were done in Iran [8].
According to the present study, more than half of the studies on sarcopenia in Iran have been done in EMRI. This may highlight that researchers at the EMRI just recently start to pay more attention into this field. Moreover, sarcopenia has become a very interesting field of research in Asia, Europe and US. A recent review categorized the published studies in Asian countries into topics including epidemiology, assessment instruments, cut-off points, impacts on geriatric health, and beneficial management [33]. Another study described current progress of research in field of sarcopenia in Europe. The authors showed that understanding of the pathophysiology of sarcopenia can improve strategies to diagnose, prevent and treat sarcopenia [34].
The top subject areas in our analysis were “Epidemiology” and “association with other diseases”. The majority of studies were published in a valuable international journal named “Osteoporosis International” which is ranked as the first top journal publishing a high number of documents in this field.
When we considered the citation report according to the articles, we found that the document with the highest number of citations was a systematic review published in “Journal of Diabetes and metabolic disorders” with 73 citations. It is well known that systematic reviews with meta-analysis have the highest level of evidence-based. This fact could confirm our findings that the highest citations belonged to a systematic review study by scientometric analysis.
Our results showed that 3 authors had the highest co-authorship network based on density and label views. It is known that co-authorship is one of the most perceptible forms of research collaboration [35].
Our study had some strengths and limitations. First, we focused on specific subjects on scientific productions in sarcopenia field. Second, we assessed the trends of scholarly articles production concomitant with international collaboration and co-authorship network of authors. Limitation of this study was the inclusion of web of science journals. Notably, we have included studies that at least one author had affiliation of EMRI or subsidiaries centers.
Conclusions
The results of the present study showed an ascending trend in publications on sarcopenia by EMRI authors and relatively good face of Iran for scientific productions in this field. This study provided practical information for researchers to find studies with potentially highly citations, and also would be helpful for researchers that can publish more articles in the field of sarcopenia.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.
Footnotes
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Contributor Information
Gita Shafiee, Email: gshafiee.endocrine@gmail.com.
Ramin Heshmat, Email: rheshmat@tums.ac.ir.
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