Correction: European Geriatric Medicine (2024) 10.1007/s41999-024-01036-4
In Tables 2 and 3 of this article, the data in the row headed “Number of patients” was mistakenly listed in the header of the tables.
The correct tables should have shown as follows:
Table 2 Characteristics of the patients divided into groups based on HRQoLa
| Lower EQ-VAS | Higher EQ-VAS | p-value | Lower EQ-5D | Higher EQ-5D | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 449 | 478 | 402 | 548 | ||
| Age ≥ 80 years | 199 (44.3) | 220 (46.0) | 0.649 | 197 (49.0) | 236 (43.1) | 0.080 |
| Female | 224 (49.9) | 210 (43.9) | 0.080 | 205 (51.0) | 232 (42.3) | 0.010 |
| Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 94 (22.7) | 99 (22.1) | 0.909 | 99 (26.3) | 97 (19.2) | 0.016 |
| Current smoker | 46 (10.2) | 30 (6.3) | 0.038 | 43 (10.7) | 32 (5.9) | 0.009 |
| Level of education | 0.026 | 0.025 | ||||
| Less than high school | 140 (31.5) | 113 (23.8) | 127 (32.0) | 131 (24.1) | ||
| High school | 219 (49.3) | 253 (53.3) | 194 (48.9) | 288 (53.0) | ||
| University | 85 (19.1) | 109 (22.9) | 76 (19.1) | 124 (22.8) | ||
| Nonindependent living | 99 (22.0) | 62 (13.0) | < 0.001 | 114 (28.4) | 53 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Dementia | 37 (8.2) | 25 (5.2) | 0.089 | 31 (7.7) | 34 (6.2) | 0.436 |
| Renal impairment (eGFR < 50 ml/min) | 156 (35.9) | 151 (32.1) | 0.254 | 132 (34.3) | 174 (32.2) | 0.544 |
| DADL (Barthel index) b: Moderate or severe | 269 (60.7) | 164 (34.6) | < 0.001 | 276 (70.2) | 169 (31.0) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 Fall(s) during past year | 99 (22.2) | 77 (16.2) | 0.025 | 103 (25.9) | 77 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Trial site | 0.589 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Bern | 200 (44.5) | 228 (47.7) | 129 (32.1) | 309 (56.4) | ||
| Cork | 63 (14.0) | 71 (14.9) | 40 (10.0) | 98 (17.9) | ||
| Louvain | 71 (15.8) | 74 (15.5) | 68 (16.9) | 80 (14.6) | ||
| Utrecht | 115 (25.6) | 105 (22.0) | 165 (41.0) | 61 (11.1) | ||
| Ward specialism (surgical/medical): Surgical | 88 (19.6) | 103 (21.5) | 0.514 | 95 (23.6) | 102 (18.6) | 0.071 |
| Type of hospital admittance: Nonelective | 335 (75.3) | 364 (76.3) | 0.774 | 285 (72.0) | 430 (78.5) | 0.026 |
| ≥ 1 Hospital admission(s) during past year | 112 (25.0) | 96 (20.1) | 0.090 | 101 (25.2) | 110 (20.1) | 0.075 |
| Medication use-related factors | ||||||
| Hyperpolypharmacy (≥ 10 medications) | 264 (58.8) | 239 (50.0) | 0.009 | 236 (58.7) | 271 (49.5) | 0.006 |
| Anticholinergic and sedative burden | 0.834 | < 0.001 | ||||
| DBI = 0 | 221 (49.2) | 244 (51.0) | 178 (44.3) | 303 (55.3) | ||
| DBI 0–1 | 134 (29.8) | 135 (28.2) | 119 (29.6) | 154 (28.1) | ||
| DBI ≥ 1 | 94 (20.9) | 99 (20.7) | 105 (26.1) | 91 (16.6) | ||
| Appropriateness of medication: | ||||||
| No. of prescribing omissions | 0.463 | 0.004 | ||||
| 0 | 186 (49.5) | 227 (53.8) | 160 (45.5) | 259 (55.7) | ||
| 1 | 121 (32.2) | 122 (28.9) | 113 (32.1) | 138 (29.7) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 69 (18.4) | 73 (17.3) | 79 (22.4) | 68 (14.6) | ||
| No. of inappropriate medications | 0.798 | 0.582 | ||||
| 0–1 | 102 (27.1) | 122 (28.9) | 93 (26.4) | 137 (29.5) | ||
| 2–4 | 100 (26.6) | 114 (27.0) | 99 (28.1) | 120 (25.8) | ||
| ≥ 5 | 174 (46.3) | 186 (44.1) | 160 (45.5) | 208 (44.7) | ||
| High-risk medicationc | ||||||
| Antidiabetics | 126 (28.1) | 116 (24.3) | 0.215 | 118 (29.4) | 125 (22.8) | 0.027 |
| Opioids | 94 (20.9) | 63 (13.2) | 0.002 | 94 (23.4) | 64 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
| Antibiotics | 50 (11.1) | 31 (6.5) | 0.017 | 42 (10.4) | 41 (7.5) | 0.138 |
| Benzodiazepines | 60 (13.4) | 48 (10.0) | 0.141 | 60 (14.9) | 50 (9.1) | 0.008 |
| Antidepressants | 118 (26.3) | 90 (18.8) | 0.008 | 107 (26.6) | 103 (18.8) | 0.005 |
| Medication complexity | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 16.5 | 130 (29.0) | 169 (35.4) | 114 (28.4) | 203 (37.0) | ||
| 16.5–25.4 | 137 (30.5) | 175 (36.6) | 127 (31.6) | 188 (34.3) | ||
| ≥ 25.5 | 182 (40.5) | 134 (28.0) | 161 (40.0) | 157 (28.6) | ||
| Medication adherence (MMAS-8)© d | 0.930 | 0.139 | ||||
| Low adherence | 64 (15.1) | 73 (16.0) | 65 (17.2) | 74 (14.1) | ||
| Medium adherence | 173 (40.8) | 183 (40.1) | 139 (36.8) | 225 (43.0) | ||
| Good adherence | 187 (44.1) | 200 (43.9) | 174 (46.0) | 224 (42.8) | ||
Missing data: EQ-5D, 5 (0.5%); EQ-VAS, 28 (2.9%); BMI, 71 (7.4%); smoking status, 1 (0.1%); number of falls during the previous year, 8 (0.8%); level of education, 10 (1.0%); number of hospitalisations in the previous year, 2 (0.2%); admission type, 6 (0.6%); renal function, 24 (2.5%); Barthel Index of ADL, 11 (1.2%); medication adherence, 49 (5.1%); No of prescribing omissions, 133 (13.9%); No of inappropriate medications, 133 (13.9%)
aThe values are numbers (percentages)
bDependency on activities of daily living (DADL) measured with the Barthel index, a score of ≤ 60 is considered a severe dependency, 60–90 is considered moderate dependency and > 90 almost no dependency[10]
cOnly the high-risk medication (medication with a high risk for hospital (re)admissions in patients) with significant differences in proportions are displayed
dUse of the Morisky Medication Adherence Measure questionnaire is protected by U.S. copyright laws. Permission for use is required. A license agreement was obtained from Donald E Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1772, USA (dmorisky@ucla.edu)
Table 3 Association of medication use-related factors with lower EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index scores
| Medication use-related factors | crude OR (CI) EQ-VAS | aOR (CI) EQ-VAS a | crude OR (CI) EQ-5D | aOR (CI) EQ-5D b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 927 | 916 | 950 | 855 |
| Hyperpolypharmacy | 1.43 (1.10; 1.85) | 1.37 (1.05; 1.80) | 1.45 (1.12; 1.89) | 1.30 (0.93; 1.84) |
| Anticholinergic and sedative burden | ||||
| DBI = 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| DBI 0–1 | 1.10 (0.81; 1.48) | 1.05 (0.76; 1.43) | 1.32 (0.97; 1.78) | 1.11 (0.75; 1.64) |
| DBI ≥ 1 | 1.05 (0.75; 1.47) | 0.88 (0.62; 1.25) | 1.96 (1.40; 2.75) | 1.73 (1.11; 2.69) |
| Appropriateness of medication | ||||
| No. of prescribing omissions | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.21 (0.88; 1.66) | 1.16 (0.83; 1.62) | 1.33 (0.96; 1.82) | 1.26 (0.84; 1.91) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.15 (0.79; 1.69) | 1.10 (0.74; 1.64) | 1.88 (1.29; 2.75) | 1.94 (1.19; 3.17) |
| No. of inappropriate medications | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.05 (0.72; 1.53) | 1.01 (0.68; 1.50) | 1.22 (0.84; 1.77) | 0.98 (0.61; 1.59) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.12 (0.80; 1.56) | 1.12 (0.79; 1.59) | 1.13 (0.81; 1.59) | 1.18 (0.77; 1.83) |
| High-risk medicationc | ||||
| Antidiabetics | 1.22 (0.91; 1.63) | 1.17 (0.86; 1.60) | 1.41 (1.05; 1.89) | 1.10 (0.75; 1.62) |
| Opioids | 1.74 (1.23; 2.48) | 1.59 (1.11; 2.30) | 2.31 (1.63; 3.28) | 2.10 (1.34; 3.32) |
| Antibiotics | 1.81 (1.14; 2.91) | 1.64 (1.01; 2.68) | 1.44 (0.92; 2.27) | 1.77 (0.99; 3.18) |
| Benzodiazepines | 1.38 (0.92; 2.08) | 1.32 (0.87; 2.03) | 1.75 (1.17; 2.61) | 2.01 (1.22; 3.35) |
| Antidepressants | 1.54 (1.13; 2.10) | 1.32 (0.95; 1.83) | 1.57 (1.15; 2.13) | 1.45 (0.96; 2.19) |
| Medication complexity | ||||
| < 16.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 16.5–25.4 | 1.02 (0.74; 1.40) | 0.95 (0.68; 1.33) | 1.20 (0.87; 1.66) | 0.81 (0.53; 1.22) |
| ≥ 25.5 | 1.77 (1.28; 2.43) | 1.53 (1.10; 2.15) | 1.83 (1.33; 2.51) | 1.22 (0.80; 1.86) |
| Adherence (MMAS-8)© d | ||||
| Good adherence | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium adherence | 1.01 (0.76; 1.35) | 1.12 (0.83; 1.52) | 0.80 (0.59; 1.06) | 1.36 (0.93; 2.01) |
| Low adherence | 0.94 (0.63; 1.38) | 0.93 (0.62; 1.39) | 1.13 (0.77; 1.67) | 1.59 (0.95; 2.66) |
Missing data: Medication adherence, EQ-VAS outcome, 47 (5.1%) and EQ-5D, 49 (5.2%), adjusted models: EQ-VAS, 46 (5.0%) and EQ-5D, 36 (4.2%); No of prescribing omissions and No of inappropriate medications, EQ-VAS outcome, 129 (13.9%) and EQ-5D, 133 (14.0%), adjusted models: EQ-VAS, 128 (14.0%) and EQ-5D, 108 (12.6%)
aAdjusted for DADL and smoking status
bAdjusted for the trial site, DADL, non-independent living, smoking status, BMI, falls in the past year and non-elective admittance
cOnly high-risk medication (medication with a high risk for hospital (re)admissions in patients) with an association is displayed
dUse of Morisky medication adherence measure questionnaire is protected by US copyright laws
The incorrect tables showed as follows:
Table 2 Characteristics of the patients divided into groups based on HRQoLa
| Total number of patients | Lower EQ-VAS | Higher EQ-VAS | p-value | Lower EQ-5D | Higher EQ-5D | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 449 | 478 | 402 | 548 | |||
| Age ≥ 80 years | 199 (44.3) | 220 (46.0) | 0.649 | 197 (49.0) | 236 (43.1) | 0.080 |
| Female | 224 (49.9) | 210 (43.9) | 0.080 | 205 (51.0) | 232 (42.3) | 0.010 |
| Body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 94 (22.7) | 99 (22.1) | 0.909 | 99 (26.3) | 97 (19.2) | 0.016 |
| Current smoker | 46 (10.2) | 30 (6.3) | 0.038 | 43 (10.7) | 32 (5.9) | 0.009 |
| Level of education | 0.026 | 0.025 | ||||
| Less than high school | 140 (31.5) | 113 (23.8) | 127 (32.0) | 131 (24.1) | ||
| High school | 219 (49.3) | 253 (53.3) | 194 (48.9) | 288 (53.0) | ||
| University | 85 (19.1) | 109 (22.9) | 76 (19.1) | 124 (22.8) | ||
| Nonindependent living | 99 (22.0) | 62 (13.0) | < 0.001 | 114 (28.4) | 53 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Dementia | 37 (8.2) | 25 (5.2) | 0.089 | 31 (7.7) | 34 (6.2) | 0.436 |
| Renal impairment (eGFR < 50 ml/min) | 156 (35.9) | 151 (32.1) | 0.254 | 132 (34.3) | 174 (32.2) | 0.544 |
| DADL (Barthel index) b: Moderate or severe | 269 (60.7) | 164 (34.6) | < 0.001 | 276 (70.2) | 169 (31.0) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 1 Fall(s) during past year | 99 (22.2) | 77 (16.2) | 0.025 | 103 (25.9) | 77 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
| Trial site | 0.589 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Bern | 200 (44.5) | 228 (47.7) | 129 (32.1) | 309 (56.4) | ||
| Cork | 63 (14.0) | 71 (14.9) | 40 (10.0) | 98 (17.9) | ||
| Louvain | 71 (15.8) | 74 (15.5) | 68 (16.9) | 80 (14.6) | ||
| Utrecht | 115 (25.6) | 105 (22.0) | 165 (41.0) | 61 (11.1) | ||
| Ward specialism (surgical/medical): Surgical | 88 (19.6) | 103 (21.5) | 0.514 | 95 (23.6) | 102 (18.6) | 0.071 |
| Type of hospital admittance: Nonelective | 335 (75.3) | 364 (76.3) | 0.774 | 285 (72.0) | 430 (78.5) | 0.026 |
| ≥ 1 Hospital admission(s) during past year | 112 (25.0) | 96 (20.1) | 0.090 | 101 (25.2) | 110 (20.1) | 0.075 |
| Medication use-related factors | ||||||
| Hyperpolypharmacy (≥ 10 medications) | 264 (58.8) | 239 (50.0) | 0.009 | 236 (58.7) | 271 (49.5) | 0.006 |
| Anticholinergic and sedative burden | 0.834 | < 0.001 | ||||
| DBI = 0 | 221 (49.2) | 244 (51.0) | 178 (44.3) | 303 (55.3) | ||
| DBI 0–1 | 134 (29.8) | 135 (28.2) | 119 (29.6) | 154 (28.1) | ||
| DBI ≥ 1 | 94 (20.9) | 99 (20.7) | 105 (26.1) | 91 (16.6) | ||
| Appropriateness of medication: | ||||||
| No. of prescribing omissions | 0.463 | 0.004 | ||||
| 0 | 186 (49.5) | 227 (53.8) | 160 (45.5) | 259 (55.7) | ||
| 1 | 121 (32.2) | 122 (28.9) | 113 (32.1) | 138 (29.7) | ||
| ≥ 2 | 69 (18.4) | 73 (17.3) | 79 (22.4) | 68 (14.6) | ||
| No. of inappropriate medications | 0.798 | 0.582 | ||||
| 0–1 | 102 (27.1) | 122 (28.9) | 93 (26.4) | 137 (29.5) | ||
| 2–4 | 100 (26.6) | 114 (27.0) | 99 (28.1) | 120 (25.8) | ||
| ≥ 5 | 174 (46.3) | 186 (44.1) | 160 (45.5) | 208 (44.7) | ||
| High-risk medicationc | ||||||
| Antidiabetics | 126 (28.1) | 116 (24.3) | 0.215 | 118 (29.4) | 125 (22.8) | 0.027 |
| Opioids | 94 (20.9) | 63 (13.2) | 0.002 | 94 (23.4) | 64 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
| Antibiotics | 50 (11.1) | 31 (6.5) | 0.017 | 42 (10.4) | 41 (7.5) | 0.138 |
| Benzodiazepines | 60 (13.4) | 48 (10.0) | 0.141 | 60 (14.9) | 50 (9.1) | 0.008 |
| Antidepressants | 118 (26.3) | 90 (18.8) | 0.008 | 107 (26.6) | 103 (18.8) | 0.005 |
| Medication complexity | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 16.5 | 130 (29.0) | 169 (35.4) | 114 (28.4) | 203 (37.0) | ||
| 16.5–25.4 | 137 (30.5) | 175 (36.6) | 127 (31.6) | 188 (34.3) | ||
| ≥ 25.5 | 182 (40.5) | 134 (28.0) | 161 (40.0) | 157 (28.6) | ||
| Medication adherence (MMAS-8)© d | 0.930 | 0.139 | ||||
| Low adherence | 64 (15.1) | 73 (16.0) | 65 (17.2) | 74 (14.1) | ||
| Medium adherence | 173 (40.8) | 183 (40.1) | 139 (36.8) | 225 (43.0) | ||
| Good adherence | 187 (44.1) | 200 (43.9) | 174 (46.0) | 224 (42.8) | ||
Missing data: EQ-5D, 5 (0.5%); EQ-VAS, 28 (2.9%); BMI, 71 (7.4%); smoking status, 1 (0.1%); number of falls during the previous year, 8 (0.8%); level of education, 10 (1.0%); number of hospitalisations in the previous year, 2 (0.2%); admission type, 6 (0.6%); renal function, 24 (2.5%); Barthel Index of ADL, 11 (1.2%); medication adherence, 49 (5.1%); No of prescribing omissions, 133 (13.9%); No of inappropriate medications, 133 (13.9%)
aThe values are numbers (percentages)
bDependency on activities of daily living (DADL) measured with the Barthel index, a score of ≤ 60 is considered a severe dependency, 60–90 is considered moderate dependency and > 90 almost no dependency[10]
cOnly the high-risk medication (medication with a high risk for hospital (re)admissions in patients) with significant differences in proportions are displayed
dUse of the Morisky Medication Adherence Measure questionnaire is protected by U.S. copyright laws. Permission for use is required. A license agreement was obtained from Donald E Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1772, USA (dmorisky@ucla.edu)
Table 3 Association of medication use-related factors with lower EQ-VAS and EQ-5D index scores
| Medication use-related factors | crude OR (CI) EQ-VAS | aOR (CI) EQ-VAS a | crude OR (CI) EQ-5D | aOR (CI) EQ-5D b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total number of patients | 927 | 916 | 950 | 855 |
| Hyperpolypharmacy | 1.43 (1.10; 1.85) | 1.37 (1.05; 1.80) | 1.45 (1.12; 1.89) | 1.30 (0.93; 1.84) |
| Anticholinergic and sedative burden | ||||
| DBI = 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| DBI 0–1 | 1.10 (0.81; 1.48) | 1.05 (0.76; 1.43) | 1.32 (0.97; 1.78) | 1.11 (0.75; 1.64) |
| DBI ≥ 1 | 1.05 (0.75; 1.47) | 0.88 (0.62; 1.25) | 1.96 (1.40; 2.75) | 1.73 (1.11; 2.69) |
| Appropriateness of medication | ||||
| No. of prescribing omissions | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.21 (0.88; 1.66) | 1.16 (0.83; 1.62) | 1.33 (0.96; 1.82) | 1.26 (0.84; 1.91) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.15 (0.79; 1.69) | 1.10 (0.74; 1.64) | 1.88 (1.29; 2.75) | 1.94 (1.19; 3.17) |
| No. of inappropriate medications | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 1.05 (0.72; 1.53) | 1.01 (0.68; 1.50) | 1.22 (0.84; 1.77) | 0.98 (0.61; 1.59) |
| ≥ 2 | 1.12 (0.80; 1.56) | 1.12 (0.79; 1.59) | 1.13 (0.81; 1.59) | 1.18 (0.77; 1.83) |
| High-risk medicationc | ||||
| Antidiabetics | 1.22 (0.91; 1.63) | 1.17 (0.86; 1.60) | 1.41 (1.05; 1.89) | 1.10 (0.75; 1.62) |
| Opioids | 1.74 (1.23; 2.48) | 1.59 (1.11; 2.30) | 2.31 (1.63; 3.28) | 2.10 (1.34; 3.32) |
| Antibiotics | 1.81 (1.14; 2.91) | 1.64 (1.01; 2.68) | 1.44 (0.92; 2.27) | 1.77 (0.99; 3.18) |
| Benzodiazepines | 1.38 (0.92; 2.08) | 1.32 (0.87; 2.03) | 1.75 (1.17; 2.61) | 2.01 (1.22; 3.35) |
| Antidepressants | 1.54 (1.13; 2.10) | 1.32 (0.95; 1.83) | 1.57 (1.15; 2.13) | 1.45 (0.96; 2.19) |
| Medication complexity | ||||
| < 16.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 16.5–25.4 | 1.02 (0.74; 1.40) | 0.95 (0.68; 1.33) | 1.20 (0.87; 1.66) | 0.81 (0.53; 1.22) |
| ≥ 25.5 | 1.77 (1.28; 2.43) | 1.53 (1.10; 2.15) | 1.83 (1.33; 2.51) | 1.22 (0.80; 1.86) |
| Adherence (MMAS-8)© d | ||||
| Good adherence | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium adherence | 1.01 (0.76; 1.35) | 1.12 (0.83; 1.52) | 0.80 (0.59; 1.06) | 1.36 (0.93; 2.01) |
| Low adherence | 0.94 (0.63; 1.38) | 0.93 (0.62; 1.39) | 1.13 (0.77; 1.67) | 1.59 (0.95; 2.66) |
Missing data: Medication adherence, EQ-VAS outcome, 47 (5.1%) and EQ-5D, 49 (5.2%), adjusted models: EQ-VAS, 46 (5.0%) and EQ-5D, 36 (4.2%); No of prescribing omissions and No of inappropriate medications, EQ-VAS outcome, 129 (13.9%) and EQ-5D, 133 (14.0%), adjusted models: EQ-VAS, 128 (14.0%) and EQ-5D, 108 (12.6%)
aAdjusted for DADL and smoking status
bAdjusted for the trial site, DADL, non-independent living, smoking status, BMI, falls in the past year and non-elective admittance
cOnly high-risk medication (medication with a high risk for hospital (re)admissions in patients) with an association is displayed
dUse of Morisky medication adherence measure questionnaire is protected by US copyright laws
The original article has been corrected.
Footnotes
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