Table 1.
Experience in using the LMA in manikins and newborns
| Experience in manikins | ||
|---|---|---|
| variable | categories | total (n = 858), n (%) |
| Have you ever placed the LMA in a neonatal manikin? | No | 230 (26.8) |
| Yes | 606 (70.6) | |
| No reply | 22 (2.6) | |
| How many insertions did you perform in total? | <5 | 264/606 (43.6) |
| 5–10 | 172/606 (28.4) | |
| 11–20 | 56/606 (9.2) | |
| >20 | 110/606 (18.2) | |
| I do not know | 4/606 (0.7) | |
| What technique did you use to insert the LMA? | Pushing the LMA against the palate | 292/606 (48.2) |
| Pushing the LMA against the base of the tongue | 103/606 (17) | |
| No particular landmarks because the LMA found the right place automatically | 141/606 (23.3) | |
| Using a laryngoscope as a tongue depressor | 68/606 (11.2) | |
| Using another instrument as a tongue depressor | 12/606 (2) | |
| I do not know | 16/606 (2.6) | |
| How much air did you put in the cuff? | I followed the manufacturer’s instructions | 300/606 (49.5) |
| I used a test balloon | 53/606 (8.7) | |
| I did not use a cuffed LMA | 205/606 (33.8) | |
| I do not know | 48/606 (7.9) | |
| Before removing the LMA, did you remove the air from the cuff? | No | 33/606 (5.4) |
| Yes | 338/606 (55.8) | |
| I do not know | 30/606 (5) | |
| I did not use cuffed LMA | 205/606 (33.8) | |
| Difficult, n (%) | Quite easy, n (%) | Very easy, n (%) | I do not know, n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How do you consider positioning the device (defined as placing the device in the correct position) in a manikin | |||||
| LMA | 46/606 (7.6) | 306/606 (50.5) | 247/606 (40.8) | 7/606 (1.2) | |
| FM | 36/606 (5.9) | 290/606 (47.9) | 273/606 (45) | 7/606 (1.2) | |
| ET | 169/606 (27.9) | 309/606 (51) | 121/606 (20) | 7/606 (1.2) | |
| Experience with newborns | ||
|---|---|---|
| variable | categories | total (n = 858), n (%) |
| Have you ever placed the LMA in a newborn infant? | No | 632 (73.7) |
| Yes | 197 (23) | |
| No reply | 29 (3.4) | |
| What LMA size did you use? | 0 | 23/197 (11.7) |
| 0.5 | 2/197 (1) | |
| 1 | 119/197 (60.4) | |
| 1.5 | 4/197 (2) | |
| 2 | 11/197 (5.6) | |
| I do not know | 38/197 (19.3) | |
| In how many newborns did you place the LMA? | <5 | 130/197 (66.0) |
| 5–10 | 36/197 (18.3) | |
| 11–20 | 7/197 (3.6) | |
| >20 | 13/197 (6.6) | |
| I do not know | 11/197 (5.6) | |
| On what occasions did you use the LMA? | In neonatal resuscitation, as a first choice in neonates requiring positive pressure ventilation | 17/197 (8.6) |
| In neonatal resuscitation, as a second choice after the failure of face mask ventilation | 60/197 (30.5) | |
| In neonatal resuscitation, as a second choice after the failure of tracheal intubation | 85/197 (43.1) | |
| In neonatal resuscitation, due to a lack of intubation skills | 20/197 (10.2) | |
| During neonatal transport | 11/197 (5.6) | |
| In elective conditions (i.e., neonates needing anesthesia) | 41/197 (20.8) | |
| Other condition (malformations) | 25/197 (12.7) | |
| Other condition (surfactant administration) | 6/197 (3) | |
| In which situation did you use the LMA for the first time during neonatal resuscitation? | A more expert colleague guided me | 21/197 (10.7) |
| I was the most experienced healthcare provider on neonatal resuscitation, and I had no problems | 79/197 (40.1) | |
| I was the most experienced healthcare provider on neonatal resuscitation, and “I tried” despite I was not an expert in LMA use | 70/197 (35.5) | |
| Other situations | 16/197 (8.1) | |
| No reply | 11/197 (5.6) | |