. 2024 Apr 10;58(6):412–425. doi: 10.1159/000538562

Table 2.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) case fatality rates (CFRs) and risk ratios (RRs) for death in women versus men (reference group) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)

Author, year	SAH cases, n		CFR-timepoint, d	CFR, %		Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	Sudden death, %, overall, (w/m)
Author, year	women	men	CFR-timepoint, d	women	men	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	Sudden death, %, overall, (w/m)
Sacco et al., 1982	23	16	30	39.1	56.3	0.70 (0.36–1.36)	. . .	. . .
Jakovljević et al., 1996	537	568	28	44.3	46.7	0.95 (0.83–1.08)	. . .	. . .
Truelsen et al., 1998	220	122	28	50.9	47.5	1.07 (0.85–1.34)	. . .	15.2
Kimura et al., 1998	232	107	28	28.0	35.5	0.79 (0.57–1.10)	. . .	2.1
Ingall et al., 2000
Denmark	114^*	84^*	28	41^a	41^a	. . .	1.02 (0.73–1.43)^b	0.0
East Germany	112^*	113^*	28	42^a	44^a	. . .	0.93 (0.68–1.26)^b	5.8
China	33^*	52^*	28	13^a	28^a	. . .	0.42 (0.15–1.16)^b	0.0
Italy	212^*	211^*	28	37^a	37^a	. . .	1.01 (0.79–1.28)^b	2.8
Sweden	146^*	98^*	28	31^a	34^a	. . .	0.91 (0.63–1.30)^b	8.6
Poland	138^*	168^*	28	44^a	39^a	. . .	1.14 (0.87–1.49)^b	0.7
Russia	117^*	159^*	28	57^a	60^a	. . .	0.97 (0.79–1.18)^b	15.9
Yugoslavia	71^*	57^*	28	56^a	64^a	. . .	0.86 (0.67–1.12)^b	31.3
Lithuania	116^*	99^*	28	44^a	60^a	. . .	0.74 (0.57–0.96)^b	10.7
Pobereskin et al., 2001	516	284	30	46.5	41.6	1.12 (0.95–1.32)	1.15 (0.84–1.57)^c	16
Zhang et al., 2003	84	63	28	32.1	34.9	0.92 (0.58–1.46)	. . .	. . .
Stegmayr et al., 2004	592	392	28	35.1	36.5	0.96 (0.81–1.14)	. . .	10.8
Khan et al., 2005	122	75	28	25.4	13.3	1.91 (0.99–3.66)	. . .	. . .
Labovitz et al., 2006	33	21	30	36.4	14.3	2.55 (0.81–7.96)	. . .	1.9
Kozák et al., 2007	2,111	1,146	28	26.8	26.5	1.01 (0.90–1.14)	. . .	. . .
Koffijberg et al., 2008	10,858	7,585	28	32.5	30.5	1.07 (1.02–1.11)	1.06 (1.02–1.11)^d	11.5
Vadikolias et al., 2009	23	28	28	34.8	35.7	0.97 (0.46–2.06)	. . .	5.9
Alvarez et al., 2010	19	14	30	42.1	71.4	0.59 (0.32–1.10)	. . .	(5.3/42.9)
Macpherson et al., 2011	7,637	4,419	30	41.2	39.6	1.04 (0.99–1.09)	. . .	(15.7/16.8)
Sandvei et al., 2011	143	71	30	. . .	. . .	. . .	1.00 (0.60–1.90)^c,#	. . .
González-Pérez et al., 2013	816	487	30	28.6	29.0	0.99 (0.83–1.18)	. . .	. . .
Olindo et al., 2014	25	12	30	16.0	33.3	0.48 (0.14–1.60)	. . .	. . .
Madsen et al., 2017 and 2020	303	140	30	31.0	24.3	1.28 (0.91–1.79)	. . .	4.5^**
Guéniat et al., 2018	93	68	30	22.6	16.2	1.40 (0.72–2.70)	. . .	. . .
Takashima et al., 2018	140	61	28	30.7	36.1	0.85 (0.56–1.29)	. . .	. . .
Chen et al., 2020	437	265	28	22	16	1.39 (1.00–1.93)	. . .	. . .
Lavados et al., 2021	35	12	30	51.4	41.7	1.23 (0.59–2.59)	. . .	13.6^e
Rehman et al., 2022	346	297	28–30	36.4	30.0	1.28 (0.97–1.70)	. . .	. . .
Asikainen et al., 2023	5,434	4,009	30	37.7	41.6	0.91 (0.86–0.95)	0.79 (0.75–0.83)^f	(22.6/25.4)

^aAge-adjusted to Segi’s world population.

^bRisk ratios calculated with approximated sex-specific number of SAHs and age-adjusted CFRs.

^cAdjusted for age.

^dAdjusted for age, geographical region, and time period.

^eOf all strokes.

^fAdjusted for age and time period.

^#Odds ratio.

*Sex-specific number of SAHs was approximated using sex-specific weights from a random-effects meta-analysis model.

**During the years 1993–2010.