Skip to main content
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1981 Nov 1;199(2):457–460. doi: 10.1042/bj1990457

The hydrophobicities of cholera toxin, tetanus toxin and their components.

W H Ward, P Britton, S van Heyningen
PMCID: PMC1163391  PMID: 7340813

Abstract

1. Charge-shift electrophoresis showed that cholera toxin and its subunits have no hydrophobic surfaces. 2. Amino-acid composition and sequence data suggested that the proteins have no masked hydrophobic regions. 3. The A subunit of cholera toxin may interact with polar molecules in the membrane to exert its effect inside the cell. 4. The only hydrophobic part of tetanus toxin was the H-chain.

Full text

PDF
457

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barrantes F. J. The nicotinic cholinergic receptor : different compositions evidenced by statistical analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Jan 20;62(2):407–414. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80153-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bigelow C. C. On the average hydrophobicity of proteins and the relation between it and protein structure. J Theor Biol. 1967 Aug;16(2):187–211. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(67)90004-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boquet P. Interaction of diphtheria toxin fragments A, B and protein crm 45 with liposomes. Eur J Biochem. 1979 Oct 15;100(2):483–489. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb04192.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. GREENWOOD F. C., HUNTER W. M., GLOVER J. S. THE PREPARATION OF I-131-LABELLED HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE OF HIGH SPECIFIC RADIOACTIVITY. Biochem J. 1963 Oct;89:114–123. doi: 10.1042/bj0890114. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hagmann J., Fishman P. H. Inhibitors of protein synthesis block action of cholera toxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981 Feb 12;98(3):677–684. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91167-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Helenius A., Simons K. Charge shift electrophoresis: simple method for distinguishing between amphiphilic and hydrophilic proteins in detergent solution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):529–532. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.529. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Heyningen S Van Cholera toxin: interaction of subunits with ganglioside GM1. Science. 1974 Feb 15;183(4125):656–657. doi: 10.1126/science.183.4125.656. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Houslay M. D., Elliott K. R. Is the receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholera toxin A pre-requisite for its activation of adenylate cyclase in intact rat hepatocytes? FEBS Lett. 1981 Jun 15;128(2):289–292. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80101-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lai C. Y. The chemistry and biology of cholera toxin. CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1980;9(3):171–206. doi: 10.3109/10409238009105434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Moss J., Manganiello V. C., Vaughan M. Hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by choleragen and its A protomer: possible role in the activation of adenylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Dec;73(12):4424–4427. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.12.4424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Moss J., Stanley S. J., Morin J. E., Dixon J. E. Activation of choleragen by thiol: protein disulfide oxidoreductase. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 10;255(23):11085–11087. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Moss J., Vaughan M. Activation of adenylate cyclase by choleragen. Annu Rev Biochem. 1979;48:581–600. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.48.070179.003053. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Raftery M. A., Vandlen R. L., Reed K. L., Lee T. Characterization of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor: its subunit composition and ligand-binding properties. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1976;40:193–202. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1976.040.01.021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Segrest J. P., Feldmann R. J. Membrane proteins: amino acid sequence and membrane penetration. J Mol Biol. 1974 Aug 25;87(4):853–858. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90090-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Spicer E. K., Kavanaugh W. M., Dallas W. S., Falkow S., Konigsberg W. H., Schafer D. E. Sequence homologies between A subunits of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jan;78(1):50–54. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.50. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Tait R. M., Booth B. R., Lambert P. A. ADP-ribosylation of rat liver membrane protein catalysed by heat-labile enterotoxin from E. coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1024–1031. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(80)90055-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Wisnieski B. J., Bramhall J. S. Photolabelling of cholera toxin subunits during membrane penetration. Nature. 1981 Jan 22;289(5795):319–321. doi: 10.1038/289319a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. van Heyningen S. Binding of ganglioside by the chains of tetanus toxin. FEBS Lett. 1976 Sep 15;68(1):5–7. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80391-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. van Heyningen S. Tetanus toxin. Pharmacol Ther. 1980;11(1):141–157. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(80)90070-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES