Fig. 2.

Fluoride exposure induced spinal cord injury with aberrant biomarkers

(A) Scatter plots exhibited the relative mRNA expression levels of Mmp9, TNF-α, IL-1β, Mbp, Mag, P53, NF-κB, GSK-3β in controls and NaF-treated rats. (B) The IHC staining visualized the expression of TNF-α, MBP in controls and NaF-treated rats. (C–D) ROS content in the control and NaF-treated groups measured by flow cytometry. The numbers in the flow cytometry histograms represent the percentage of cells with elevated intracellular ROS levels above a specific threshold. Magnification: × 200, scale bars = 50 μm. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001.