Abstract
Background
The spectacular decline in pollinators and their prominent role in pollination of natural and cultivated plants has stimulated research on pollinating insects. Over the last ten years, much ecological research has been carried out on bees, often generating a large volume of specimens and increasing the importance of entomological collections. Here, we present the bee collection of the IMBE laboratory (Marseille, France) after ten years of study of plant-pollinator networks.
New information
We provide distribution data on 2181 specimens belonging to 246 species of bees, mainly from the Mediterranean Region of France. One of the recorded species, Lasioglossumsoror, is classified as "endangered" at the European level, while 68 of the recorded species are currently Data Deficient according to the 2014 Red List of European bees. This dataset contributes to the broader effort to enhance the knowledge of French bee diversity. It aligns with the objectives of the French Pollinator Plan and supports the development of a national Red List. In this context, information about the distribution of wild bees from the Mediterranean Region, which harbours the highest species diversity in mainland France, are of particular importance.
Keywords: Hymenoptera, Apoidea, distribution, France, Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Melittidae
Introduction
Dramatic declines in many pollinator populations have been documented worldwide (Raven and Wagner 2021) raising concerns about the maintenance of their species through time and space and the sustainability of the ecosystem services they provide. In this context, accurate data on pollinator distribution is crucial to document their current status. Amongst these, specimens preserved in natural history collections are reliable pieces of the puzzle that describes ecological communities, habitats and ecosystem health (Raven and Miller 2020). Opening these collections and making them accessible through digitisation and publication is, therefore, of paramount importance for generating science-driven conservation strategies.
Over the past decades, researchers at the Mediterranean Institute of marine and continental Biodiversity and Ecology (IMBE) in Marseille have been investigating relationships between pollinators and plants across a variety of habitats in France, with a focus on the Bouches-du-Rhône Department (Schurr et al. 2019, Ropars et al. 2020a, Ropars et al. 2020b, Schurr et al. 2021, Schurr et al. 2022, Carisio et al. 2022, Jaworski et al. 2022, Badiane et al. 2024). Several projects have been undertaken by the Institute, including field courses on bee identification (Geslin et al. 2018) and field campaigns in the Calanques National Park and the City of Marseille. These campaigns used standardised sampling protocols such as netting, pan-trapping and trap-nesting (insect hotels, Geslin et al. (2020)). This work generated the collection of many specimens that have been kept in the IMBE since 2015. Additionally, some specimens were sent to enrich the collection from some of the renowned professional taxonomists of France (namely M. Aubert, E. Dufrêne and D. Genoud). Each of the specimens collected has been meticulously pinned, labelled and was frozen at least twice a year to avoid the emergence of pests.
This paper aims to publish the raw data of bee specimens currently housed in the IMBE collections. These include specimens collected during studies, as well as those donated to the Institute, with the exception of specimens provided to professional taxonomists, lost, destroyed during preparation or used for DNA sequencing, representing a small fraction of the collection. This dataset serves as a valuable resource for advancing our understanding of the Mediterranean Basin's bee fauna and supports ongoing efforts to develop national checklists and Red Lists.
General description
Purpose
The dataset presented here includes information on a total of 2,181 bee specimens, collected between 2003 and 2023, all identified to the species level, along with detailed information on the date and location of each capture. This dataset includes some Mediterranean species for which few published records are available in national (inpn.mnhn.fr) and international (www.gbif.org) databases.
Additional information
The project aims to compile all recorded data on Apoidea, collected during field campaigns and from donations over the past 10 years, as well as opportunistic captures sent by entomologists to the IMBE laboratory. A total of three scientific field campaigns were conducted in the protected area of the Calanques National Park (Geslin et al. 2018, Ropars et al. 2018, Schurr et al. 2019), two in the urban parks of Marseille (Geslin et al. 2020, Badiane et al. 2024), one in humid area (Solère et al. 2022) and three within the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Regional Park (Schurr et al. 2021, Carisio et al. 2022, Schurr et al. 2022). A few additional specimens were gathered elsewhere in France, Spain and Italy and sent to the IMBE.
Sampling methods
Sampling description
For each specimen, the following information was retrieved: species, date and location of capture, sex and collector, as well as any relevant ecological data, such as the plant on which the specimen was captured. Specimens were captured with an entomological net or with coloured pan traps. In addition to the data on the original labels, each specimen was assigned a unique identification code written on an added label.
Quality control
The specimens were identified by Mathieu Aubert, Claire Bouchot, Eric Dufrêne, Benoît Geslin, Vincent Leclercq, Lise Ropars, Lucie Schurr, Erwin Scheuchl, Benoît Martha, Emile Gigandet, Gilles Mahé, Yvan Brugerolles, Gérard Le Goff and Nicolas J. Vereecken. The taxonomy was checked to be compatible with the French TAXREF v.17,0 from the Museum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) data base (Gargominy et al. 2021) and with the latest checklist of the bees of the French fauna (Ropars et al. in press). In case of name change due to taxonomic update or identification correction, the original name given to the specimen was retained in the 'previousIdentifications' column.
Step description
All data on the 2181 identified specimens currently in the IMBE collection were input in a table format. Latitude and longitude coordinates of each capture location were obtained either directly from the label or inferred from the location description. In the second case, coordinates were retrieved using the geoportail.gouv.fr website. Coordinates originally in Lambert93 format and in degrees minutes seconds were transformed to standard GPS format (latitude and longitude in decimal degrees). The locations were then verified using the https://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/ website. Coordinates uncertainty (‘coordinateUncertaintyInMeters’ column) was set to at least 100 m, depending on the level of detail provided on the capture location on the specimen label. All formats follow GBIF Darwin Core specification, to ensure interoperability with other international databases.
For 32 specimens, only identification to the genus level was possible. This is indicated by a value of 0 in the ‘identificationVerificationStatus’ column, with relevant additional details provided in the ‘identificationRemarks’ column. Species groups were indicated with ‘gr.’ in the ‘identificationQualifier’ column, such as for the Bombusterrestris species group, which requires genetic data for accurate species-level identification (Murray et al. 2008). ‘cf.’ was used to indicate an approximate identification. This was the case of some Hylaeus specimens which could only be assigned to a couple of species: H.pictipes or H.taeniolatus.
All data were entered in CSV format, with the fields separated by tabs and encoded in UTF-8, thus following the protocol compatible with the GBIF database (Global Biodiversity Information Facility, https://www.gbif.org/fr/) as used in previously published datasets (Meunier et al. 2023, Nève et al. 2024, Ollivier et al. 2024).
Geographic coverage
Description
Most of the specimens come from France (2178), one is from Spain and two are from Italy.
In France, 93% the data come from the Bouches-du-Rhône Department, with some from Var, Alpes-Maritimes and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (Fig. 1; Suppl. material 1).
Figure 1.
Distribution of Anthophila specimens in the IMBE collection. Specimens from the Departments of Yvelines (n = 13), Seine-et-Marne (n = 4), Manche (n = 2) and Essonne (n = 8) are omitted. One specimen from Spain and two from Italy are omitted.
Coordinates
39.30 and 49.33 Latitude; -1.28 and 9.20 Longitude.
Taxonomic coverage
Description
The dataset covers 246 species of Apoidea belonging to the six bee families found in France: Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Melittidae (Tables 1, 2).
Table 1.
Numbers of species and specimens per family in the IMBE Anthophila collection.
| Family | Number of species | Number of specimens |
|---|---|---|
| Andrenidae | 47 | 301 |
| Apidae | 73 | 649 |
| Colletidae | 19 | 80 |
| Halictidae | 44 | 318 |
| Megachilidae | 61 | 831 |
| Melittidae | 2 | 2 |
| Total | 246 | 2181 |
Table 2.
Number of specimens per species in the IMBE Anthophila collection. Nomenclature follows Ropars et al. (in press). European Red List status follows Nieto et al. (2014). DD: Data Deficient, EN: Endangered, LC: Low Concern, NT: Near Threatened. Megachilescupturalis was not assessed in the Red List as it is an introduced species (Le Féon et al. 2018).
| Family | Species | European Red List status | Number of specimens |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaagilissima (Scopoli, 1770) | DD | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior Kirby, 1802 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabicolor Fabricius, 1775 | LC | 9 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabimaculata Kirby, 1802 | DD | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenachrysosceles (Kirby, 1802) | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacineraria Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacinerea Brullé, 1832 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacombinata (Christ, 1791) | DD | 14 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenadorsata (Kirby, 1802) | DD | 3 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafabrella Pérez, 1903 | DD | 10 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafalsifica Perkins, 1915 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | LC | 3 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafulva (Müller, 1766) | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafuscipes (Kirby, 1802) | DD | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahaemorrhoa (Fabricius, 1781) | LC | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahesperia Smith, 1853 | LC | 17 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahumilis Imhoff, 1832 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabiata Fabricius, 1781 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalagopus Latreille, 1809 | LC | 10 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalimbata Eversmann, 1852 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenamarginata Fabricius, 1776 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutula Kirby, 1802 | DD | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenamorio Brullé, 1832 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroaenea Kirby, 1802 | LC | 58 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanitida Müller, 1776 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaniveata Friese, 1887 | DD | 28 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaovatula Kirby, 1802 | NT | 3 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapandellei Pérez, 1895 | LC | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapilipes Fabricius, 1781 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapolita Smith, 1847 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapraecox (Scopoli, 1763) | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapusilla Pérez, 1903 | DD | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana Stöckhert in Schmiedeknecht, 1930 | DD | 10 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarufula Schmiedeknecht, 1883 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasenecionis Pérez, 1895 | LC | 8 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasimilis Smith, 1849 | DD | 19 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasimillima Smith, 1851 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasimontornyella Noskiewicz, 1939 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | DD | 2 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasubopaca Nylander, 1848 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatenuistriata Pérez, 1895 | LC | 3 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatruncatilabris Morawitz, 1877 | DD | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavaga Panzer, 1799 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavetula Lepeletier, 1841 | LC | 1 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavillipes Pérez, 1895 | LC | 4 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavulpecula Kriechbaumer, 1873 | DD | 33 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusdentipes Latreille, 1811 | LC | 30 |
| Apidae | Amegillaalbigena (Lepeletier, 1841) | LC | 3 |
| Apidae | Amegillagarrula (Rossi, 1790) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Ammobatoidesscriptus (Gerstäcker, 1869) | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraaestivalis (Panzer, 1801) | LC | 5 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraaffinis Lepeletier, 1841 | DD | 11 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraatriceps Pérez, 1879 | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | LC | 7 |
| Apidae | Anthophoracrassipes Lepeletier, 1841 | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Anthophoracrinipes Smith, 1854 | DD | 13 |
| Apidae | Anthophoradispar Lepeletier, 1841 | LC | 64 |
| Apidae | Anthophorafemorata (Olivier, 1789) | DD | 4 |
| Apidae | Anthophoramucida Gribodo, 1873 | DD | 8 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraplumipes (Pallas, 1772) | LC | 73 |
| Apidae | Apismellifera Linnaeus, 1758 | DD | 90 |
| Apidae | Bombushortorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Bombushumilis Illiger, 1806 | LC | 5 |
| Apidae | Bombuslucorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | LC | 6 |
| Apidae | Bombusmastrucatus Gerstäcker, 1869 | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Bombusmesomelas Gerstäcker, 1869 | LC | 5 |
| Apidae | Bombusmonticola Smith, 1849 | LC | 4 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | LC | 33 |
| Apidae | Bombuspratorum Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 4 |
| Apidae | Bombusruderarius (Müller, 1776) | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Bombussichelii Radoszkowski, 1859 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Bombussoroeensis (Fabricius, 1777) | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Bombussylvarum (Linnaeus, 1761) | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 47 |
| Apidae | Ceratinachalcites Germar, 1839 | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacucurbitina Rossi, 1792 | LC | 13 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 12 |
| Apidae | Ceratinadallatorreana Friese, 1896 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Ceratinadentiventris Gerstäcker, 1869 | LC | 4 |
| Apidae | Ceratinagravidula Gerstäcker, 1869 | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Ceratinanigrolabiata Friese, 1896 | LC | 6 |
| Apidae | Epeolusjulliani Pérez, 1884 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Euceracaspica Morawitz, 1873 | LC | 89 |
| Apidae | Euceraclypeata Erichson, 1835 | LC | 3 |
| Apidae | Eucerahispana Lepeletier, 1841 | DD | 8 |
| Apidae | Eucerainterrupta Baer, 1850 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Euceralongicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1880 | LC | 4 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrifacies Lepeletier, 1841 | LC | 5 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841 | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Eucerarufa (Lepeletier, 1841) | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Eucerataurica Morawitz, 1871 | DD | 2 |
| Apidae | Euceravulpes Brullé, 1832 | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Melectaalbifrons (Förster, 1771) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Melectaitalica Radoszkowski, 1876 | DD | 2 |
| Apidae | Nomadabeaumonti Schwarz, 1967 | LC | 3 |
| Apidae | Nomadabluethgeni Stoeckhert, 1943 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadadiscedens Pérez, 1884 | LC | 9 |
| Apidae | Nomadadiscrepans Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | LC | 2 |
| Apidae | Nomadadistinguenda Morawitz, 1873 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadafabriciana (Linnaeus, 1767) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadafacilis Schwarz, 1967 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadaflavoguttata (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 11 |
| Apidae | Nomadafulvicornis Fabricius, 1792 | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadafurvoides Stöckhert, 1944 | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadagoodeniana (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | LC | 3 |
| Apidae | Nomadamaculicornis Pérez, 1884 | DD | 4 |
| Apidae | Nomadamarshamella (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadamocsaryi Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Nomadapanurgina Morawitz, 1868 | LC | 4 |
| Apidae | Nomadasheppardana (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 20 |
| Apidae | Nomadasuccincta Panzer, 1798 | LC | 10 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniafulvescens (Giraud, 1863) | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniamalvae (Rossi, 1790) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Tetralonianana Morawitz, 1874 | DD | 2 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniastrigata (Lepeletier, 1841) | DD | 1 |
| Apidae | Xylocopairis (Christ, 1791) | LC | 1 |
| Apidae | Xylocopaviolacea (Linnaeus, 1758) | LC | 10 |
| Colletidae | Colletesalbomaculatus (Lucas, 1848) | NT | 5 |
| Colletidae | Colletessimilis Schenck, 1853 | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusangustatus (Schenck, 1859) | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusbrachycephalus (Morawitz, 1868) | DD | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusbrevicornis Nylander, 1852 | LC | 2 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusclypearis (Schenck, 1853) | LC | 15 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscommunis Nylander, 1852 | LC | 2 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusconfusus Nylander, 1852 | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusgibbus Saunders, 1850 | LC | 8 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeushyalinatus Smith, 1842 | LC | 5 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusimparilis Förster, 1871 | LC | 3 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusleptocephalus Morawitz, 1870 | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuslineolatus (Schenck, 1861) | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspfankuchi (Alfken, 1919) | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspictipes Nylander, 1852 | LC | 9 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspictus (Smith, 1853) | DD | 12 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspunctatus Brullé, 1832 | LC | 6 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeussignatus Panzer, 1798 | LC | 1 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusvariegatus Fabricius, 1798 | LC | 5 |
| Halictidae | Halictusbrunnescens (Eversmann, 1852) | DD | 1 |
| Halictidae | Halictuscrenicornis Bluthgen, 1923 | DD | 2 |
| Halictidae | Halictusfulvipes (Klug in Germar, 1817) | LC | 5 |
| Halictidae | Halictusmaculatus Smith, 1848 | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Halictuspatellatus Morawitz, 1873 | LC | 3 |
| Halictidae | Halictusscabiosae (Rossi, 1790) | LC | 11 |
| Halictidae | Halictussimplex Bluthgen, 1923 | LC | 12 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalbocinctum (Lucas, 1849) | LC | 4 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbimaculatum (Dours, 1872) | LC | 31 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbluethgeni Ebmer, 1971 | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumglabriusculum Morawitz, 1872 | LC | 4 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumgriseolum Morawitz, 1872 | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumibericum (Ebmer, 1975) | DD | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlaticeps (Schenck, 1868) | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlimbellum Morawitz, 1872 | DD | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlineare (Schenck, 1869) | DD | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummalachurum Kirby, 1802 | LC | 28 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummediterraneum Bluthgen, 1926 | LC | 10 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummesosclerum Pérez, 1903 | DD | 3 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumminutissimum Kirby, 1802 | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummorio (Fabricius, 1793) | LC | 6 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumnigripes Lepeletier, 1841 | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumnitidulum Fabricius, 1804 | LC | 16 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum Brullé, 1832 | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauxillum (Schenck, 1853) | LC | 3 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpolitum Schenck, 1853 | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumprasinum Smith, 1848 | NT | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpygmaeum (Schenck, 1853) | NT | 18 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsexnotatum (Kirby, 1802) | NT | 2 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsoror (Saunders, 1901) | EN | 21 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsubhirtum (Lepeletier, 1841) | LC | 3 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumtransitorium (Schenck, 1869) | LC | 96 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum Kirby, 1802 | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumzonulum (Smith, 1848) | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Nomiapisdiversipes (Latreille, 1806) | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Seladoniaconfusa (Smith, 1853) | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Seladoniagemmea (Dours, 1872) | LC | 5 |
| Halictidae | Seladoniapollinosa (Sichel, 1860) | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Seladoniasmaragdula (Vachal, 1895) | LC | 4 |
| Halictidae | Seladoniasubaurata (Rossi, 1792) | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Seladoniavestita (Lepeletier, 1841) | LC | 2 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesephippius (Linnaeus, 1767) | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespellucidus Smith, 1845 | LC | 1 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiellumstrigatum Panzer, 1805 | LC | 9 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumdiadema Latreille, 1809 | DD | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumflorentinum Fabricius, 1775 | LC | 12 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumloti Perris, 1852 | DD | 4 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiummanicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | LC | 14 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumoblongatum Immigur, 1806 | LC | 6 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomadistinctum Stoeckhert, 1929 | LC | 2 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomaflorisomne Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 4 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomarapunculi (Lepeletier, 1841) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadescrenulata Nylander, 1856 | LC | 14 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadestruncorum Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 16 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisacuticornis (Dufour & Perris, 1840) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisadunca Panzer, 1798 | LC | 32 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisanthocopoides Schenck, 1853 | LC | 6 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbenoisti Alfken, 1935 | LC | 15 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbisulca (Gerstäcker, 1869) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbrachypogon (Pérez, 1880) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitiscristatula (Van der Zanden, 1990) | LC | 11 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisleucomelana (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitismocsaryi (Friese, 1895) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisperezi (Ferton, 1895) | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileapicalis (Spinola, 1808) | LC | 3 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata Alfken, 1924 | LC | 6 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilecentuncularis Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 6 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileericetorum Lepeletier, 1841 | LC | 3 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileflabellipes Perez, 1895 | DD | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilegiraudi Gerstäcker, 1869 | DD | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileleachella Curtis, 1828 | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilemaritima (Kirby, 1802) | DD | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilemelanopyga Costa, 1863 | LC | 6 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileopacifrons Pérez, 1897 | DD | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileparietina (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) | LC | 12 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilepusilla Pérez, 1884 | DD | 2 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilepyrenaica Lepeletier, 1841 | DD | 4 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilerotundata (Fabricius, 1793) | DD | 4 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilesculpturalis Smith, 1853 | 6 | |
| Megachilidae | Megachilewillughbiella Kirby, 1802 | LC | 3 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaaurulenta Panzer, 1799 | LC | 23 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabicornis Linnaeus, 1758 | LC | 34 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabrevicornis Fabricius, 1798 | LC | 5 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | LC | 6 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiadimidiata Morawitz, 1870 | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialatreillei (Spinola, 1806) | LC | 10 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialeaiana (Kirby, 1802) | LC | 4 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialigurica Morawitz, 1868 | LC | 3 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiamelanogaster Spinola, 1807 | LC | 24 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaminutula (Pérez, 1896) | DD | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianasoproducta Ferton, 1910 | DD | 8 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveata (Fabricius, 1804) | LC | 47 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiarufohirta Latreille, 1811 | LC | 20 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiascutellaris Morawitz, 1868 | LC | 10 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiasignata Erichson, 1835 | LC | 3 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiasubmicans Morawitz, 1870 | LC | 10 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiatricornis Latreille, 1811 | LC | 56 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaversicolor Latreille, 1811 | LC | 9 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiaminutula (Pérez, 1896) | DD | 3 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiuminfuscatum (Erichson in Waltl, 1835) | DD | 5 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiumseptemdentatum Latreille, 1809 | DD | 171 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiumsticticum (Fabricius, 1787) | DD | 162 |
| Megachilidae | Stelisbreviuscula Nylander, 1848 | LC | 1 |
| Megachilidae | Stelissignata (Latreille, 1809) | LC | 2 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodaargentata Panzer, 1809 | NT | 1 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodahirtipes (Fabricius, 1793) | LC | 1 |
| Total | 2181 |
Temporal coverage
Data range: 2003-3-20 – 2023-9-01.
Notes
The specimens were captured from 2003 to 2023. Twenty specimens were collected at an unknown date. Most of the specimens were captured in April or May (the time of the year in which bees are the most abundant in this region), totalling 60% of the dated captures (Fig. 2).
Figure 2.
Within year distribution of bees in the IMBE collection.
Collection data
Collection name
IMBE Apoidea collection (Hymenoptera)
Collection identifier
IMBE-H
Specimen preservation method
Dried and pinned specimens
Curatorial unit
IMBE, contact: Gabriel Nève (email: gabriel.neve@imbe.fr)
Usage licence
Usage licence
Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)
IP rights notes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 Licence. All work derived from the present study should cite it appropriately.
Data resources
Data package title
IMBE Bee collection (Hymenoptera)
Resource link
Alternative identifiers
Number of data sets
1
Data set 1.
Data set name
IMBE Apoidea collection (Hymenoptera)
Data format
CSV (tab delimited values)
Character set
IMBE_beeColl_v02.csv
Data format version
Darwin core, so that it may be transferred later into GBIF.
Description
The dataset includes data on 2181 specimens of Apoidea collected or received by researchers at IMBE, in GBIF compatible format.
Data set 1.
| Column label | Column description |
|---|---|
| occurrenceID | Unique specimen identifier : H (for Hymenoptera) and four digits. |
| catalogNumber | Insitution code (i.e. IMBE) followed by individual occurenceID. Each specimen bears a label with this identifier. |
| basisOfRecord | The specific nature of the data record (i.e. PreservedSpecimen). |
| eventDate | Event date in the format YYYY-MM-DD if the capture date is known to the date or YYYY if only the year is known. If time of capture is known, then format is YYYYMM-DDTHH:MM, with HH:MM the local time. |
| year | Year of capture. |
| month | Month of capture if known, |
| day | Day of capture if known, |
| verbatimEventDate | Date of capture, as mentioned on the label, |
| scientificName | Lowest taxonomic rank possible, usually the species name, sometimes the subspecies, with author and year. |
| identificationQualifier | In case the identification could be given only to a species group, 'cf.' was input. |
| identificationRemarks | Any comment on the identification of the specimen, with list of possible species. |
| kingdom | Kingdom name (i.e. Animalia). |
| phylum | Phylum name (i.e. Arthropoda). |
| class | Class name (i.e. Insecta). |
| order | Order name (i.e. Hymenoptera). |
| family | Family name. |
| genus | Genus name. |
| specificEpithet | Species epithet of the scientificName. |
| infraspecificEpithet | Subspecific epithet, if any is relevant. |
| scientificNameAuthorship | Name of the scientist who described the species and year of description publication. |
| sex | Male (M) or female (F). |
| caste | Queen or worker if known. |
| taxonRank | Taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName. |
| identifiedBy | Name of the entomologist who identified the specimen. |
| dateIdentified | Year of identification. |
| identificationVerificationStatus | Whether (coded 1) or not (coded 0) the identification is reliable to species level. |
| previousIdentifications | Species name originally given on the specimen label. |
| country | Country of capture. |
| countryCode | Two letter country code of the specimen capture location. |
| stateProvince | French departmental administrative division. In the case of non-French data, any relevant country administrative subdivision. |
| locality | Location of capture, usually the municipality. |
| verbatimLocality | Any geographical indication on the label. |
| occurrenceRemarks | Any ecological data or comment on the label, including method of capture if known. |
| decimalLatitude | Geographic latitude (in decimal degrees) of the capture location. |
| decimalLongitude | Geographic longitude (in decimal degrees) of the capture location. |
| geodeticDatum | System and set of reference points upon which the geographic coordinates are based (i.e. WGS 84) |
| coordinateUncertaintyInMeters | Uncertainty in coordinates, in meters |
| minimumElevationInMeters | Lower limit of the range of altitudes indicated on the label or in the associated reference |
| maximumElevationInMeters | Higher limit of the range of altitude indicated on the label or in the associated reference. |
| georeferencedBy | Identity of the person who added the latitude and longitude data, i.e. either the original recorder or Nève, Gabriel. |
| georeferenceProtocol | How the georeference was computed, i.e. either from georeference web sites or from label data (verbatimLocality). |
| georeferenceSources | Georeference code was inferred from geoportail.gouv.fr, French ING maps or GoogleEarthPro. |
| georeferencedDate | Georeference work was either performed at the time of recording or in 2024. |
| recordedBy | Name of collector (i.e. legit information). |
| otherCatalogNumbers | Any other code the specimen may have, usually according to the study protocol during which it was captured. |
| institutionCode | Institution where the specimen is held (i.e. IMBE, Marseille). |
| organismQuantity | Number of individuals bearing the same label (usually 1). |
| organismQuantityType | Individuals. |
| language | The dataset is mainly written in French, apart from column headings, which are in English. |
| associatedReferences | Any reference citing the relevant specimen. |
Additional information
General discussion
At a time of global pollinator decline, this study highlights once again the French Mediterranean Region as one of the main hotspots for wild bee species (Orr et al. 2021, Reverté et al. 2023). The collection holds about a quarter of the 980 species that thrive in mainland France (Ropars et al. in press) and the data provided here will contribute to improve knowledge about French bee species.
The collected specimens listed here, beyond enhancing our understanding of wild bees as previously mentioned, are also used as a reference collection and for the training of entomologists to ensure the accurate identification of future specimens. Moreover, such a collection acts as a 'memory of nature's diversity,' an exceptional resource available to scientists worldwide. Preserving these specimens provides tangible evidence of biodiversity over time, offering a unique opportunity to monitor its evolution in the long term — a critical aspect in the face of the current widespread biodiversity decline and the current major global changes.
One species in the IMBE collection is classified as 'endangered' by the IUCN at the European level (Nieto et al. 2014). This species, Lasioglossumsoror, was recorded at nine different localities in the Calanques National Park in 2018. Our data suggest that this species is locally widespread and may have been overlooked in other studies as all but two of the 19 specimens in the IMBE collection were collected in coloured pan traps.
Six species in the IMBE collection are classified as “Near Threatened” by the IUCN at the European level (Nieto et al. 2014): Andrenaovatula, Colletesalbomaculatus, Lasioglossumprasinum, Lasioglossumpygmaeum, Lasioglossumsexnotatum and Dasypodaargentata. In addition, D.argentata is also generally recognised as a rare species. The identification of these species is crucial for conservation efforts, as it guides habitat management and protection initiatives. Understanding the status of near-threatened species helps preserve biodiversity and maintain essential ecosystem services provided by pollinators, while raising public awareness and support for bee conservation initiatives. Finally, a total of 68 species recorded in the IMBE collection are currently classified as 'Data Deficient'. This status underscores significant gaps in our understanding of these species' biology, distribution and conservation needs. It highlights the critical importance of maintaining and enhancing monitoring efforts to gather the data necessary for informed conservation decisions. Ensuring the availability of updated and comprehensive information on these species is essential to address potential threats and support their long-term survival.
This study is part of current national effort to document the distribution of pollinators in France. Many initiatives, for example, French National Pollinator Plan, Regional Initiatives ("Plan Régional d'Action") and the French Checklist (Ropars et al. in press) are currently assessing the status of wild bees species in France and this topical issue is part of the research programme. By contributing valuable data to the forthcoming French Red List of bees, we aim to foster a greater awareness of the ecological significance of these species. As the IMBE continues its dedicated research, we anticipate that future studies will further enrich our knowledge and help shape effective conservation strategies, ensuring that these vital pollinators thrive for generations to come.
Abbreviation used throughout
IMBE: Institut Méditerranen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (Marseille, France)
Supplementary Material
Numbers of specimens per French Department
Gabriel Nève
Data type
geographic coverage of bee data in France
Brief description
Numbers of bee specimens per French Department in the IMBE collection (Marseille, France). Encoding is UTF-8.
Two specimens from Italy (Sardinia) and one from Spain (Catalonia) are exluded.
File: oo_1201694.csv
Acknowledgements
Erwin Scheuchl, Benoît Martha, Emile Gigandet, Gilles Mahé, Yvan Brugerolles, Gérard Le Goff and Nicolas J. Vereecken identified some of the specimens. Jean-Yves Meunier set up the boxes and the label layout and started the data input of the collection. Robert Mesibov gave us valuable advice on the GBIF format.
This scientific work is part of the natural heritage inventory (inpn.mnhn.fr). In 2023, it received support from PatriNat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN).
Funding Statement
This scientific work is part of the natural heritage inventory (inpn.mnhn.fr). It received support from PatriNat (OFB-CNRS-MNHN).
Author contributions
Study design: GN and BG, data input: LS and CL, capture of specimens and labelling: CCJ, LR, LS, FF, MZ, BG, identification of specimens: MA, CB, ED, BG and VL; data analysis and formatting: GN, writing up: CL, LS, BG, CCJ, LS, MZ and GN, supervision: GN, collection management: GN. All authors commented and agreed on the final manuscript. The first two authors contributed equally to this work.
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Numbers of specimens per French Department
Gabriel Nève
Data type
geographic coverage of bee data in France
Brief description
Numbers of bee specimens per French Department in the IMBE collection (Marseille, France). Encoding is UTF-8.
Two specimens from Italy (Sardinia) and one from Spain (Catalonia) are exluded.
File: oo_1201694.csv