Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1997 Jul 1;16(13):4060–4068. doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.13.4060

The plant defense response to cucumber mosaic virus in cowpea is elicited by the viral polymerase gene and affects virus accumulation in single cells.

C H Kim 1, P Palukaitis 1
PMCID: PMC1170029  PMID: 9233815

Abstract

Resistance to infection in cowpea by strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) involves a local, hypersensitive response (HR) and a localization of infection. These responses can be separated by mutation at two sites (nucleotides 1978 and 2007, in codons 631 and 641) in the CMV 2a polymerase gene. Changes to both sites of a restricted strain allow systemic infection without an HR and increase the accumulation of both the 2a protein and viral RNA in protoplasts, while changing position 1978 alone results in a systemic infection, a systemic HR, and an increase in viral RNA accumulation in protoplasts. It is suggested that the inhibition response observed in protoplasts, where an HR does not occur, leads to localization of infection in whole plants and that different plant genes are involved in eliciting the HR and the localization response.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (523.8 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ding S. W., Anderson B. J., Haase H. R., Symons R. H. New overlapping gene encoded by the cucumber mosaic virus genome. Virology. 1994 Feb;198(2):593–601. doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1071. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Enyedi A. J., Yalpani N., Silverman P., Raskin I. Signal molecules in systemic plant resistance to pathogens and pests. Cell. 1992 Sep 18;70(6):879–886. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90239-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Gal-On A., Kaplan I., Palukaitis P. Differential effects of satellite RNA on the accumulation of cucumber mosaic virus RNAs and their encoded proteins in tobacco vs zucchini squash with two strains of CMV helper virus. Virology. 1995 Apr 1;208(1):58–66. doi: 10.1006/viro.1995.1129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Gal-On A., Kaplan I., Palukaitis P. Differential effects of satellite RNA on the accumulation of cucumber mosaic virus RNAs and their encoded proteins in tobacco vs zucchini squash with two strains of CMV helper virus. Virology. 1995 Apr 1;208(1):58–66. doi: 10.1006/viro.1995.1129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gal-On A., Kaplan I., Roossinck M. J., Palukaitis P. The kinetics of infection of zucchini squash by cucumber mosaic virus indicate a function for RNA 1 in virus movement. Virology. 1994 Nov 15;205(1):280–289. doi: 10.1006/viro.1994.1644. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Goulden M. G., Köhm B. A., Santa Cruz S., Kavanagh T. A., Baulcombe D. C. A feature of the coat protein of potato virus X affects both induced virus resistance in potato and viral fitness. Virology. 1993 Nov;197(1):293–302. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1590. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hayes R. J., Buck K. W. Complete replication of a eukaryotic virus RNA in vitro by a purified RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Cell. 1990 Oct 19;63(2):363–368. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90169-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hayes R. J., Pereira V. C., McQuillin A., Buck K. W. Localization of functional regions of the cucumber mosaic virus RNA replicase using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. J Gen Virol. 1994 Nov;75(Pt 11):3177–3184. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-11-3177. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hellwald K. H., Palukaitis P. Nucleotide sequence and infectivity of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (strain K) RNA2 involved in breakage of replicase-mediated resistance in tobacco. J Gen Virol. 1994 Aug;75(Pt 8):2121–2125. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hellwald K. H., Palukaitis P. Viral RNA as a potential target for two independent mechanisms of replicase-mediated resistance against cucumber mosaic virus. Cell. 1995 Dec 15;83(6):937–946. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90209-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Higuchi R., Krummel B., Saiki R. K. A general method of in vitro preparation and specific mutagenesis of DNA fragments: study of protein and DNA interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Aug 11;16(15):7351–7367. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.15.7351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kaplan I. B., Shintaku M. H., Li Q., Zhang L., Marsh L. E., Palukaitis P. Complementation of virus movement in transgenic tobacco expressing the cucumber mosaic virus 3a gene. Virology. 1995 May 10;209(1):188–199. doi: 10.1006/viro.1995.1242. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kohm B. A., Goulden M. G., Gilbert J. E., Kavanagh T. A., Baulcombe D. C. A Potato Virus X Resistance Gene Mediates an Induced, Nonspecific Resistance in Protoplasts. Plant Cell. 1993 Aug;5(8):913–920. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.8.913. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lamb C. J. Plant disease resistance genes in signal perception and transduction. Cell. 1994 Feb 11;76(3):419–422. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90106-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Padgett H. S., Beachy R. N. Analysis of a tobacco mosaic virus strain capable of overcoming N gene-mediated resistance. Plant Cell. 1993 May;5(5):577–586. doi: 10.1105/tpc.5.5.577. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Palukaitis P., Roossinck M. J., Dietzgen R. G., Francki R. I. Cucumber mosaic virus. Adv Virus Res. 1992;41:281–348. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60039-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Peden K. W., Symons R. H. Cucumber mosaic virus contains a functionally divided genome. Virology. 1973 Jun;53(2):487–492. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90232-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rizzo T. M., Palukaitis P. Construction of full-length cDNA clones of cucumber mosaic virus RNAs 1, 2 and 3: generation of infectious RNA transcripts. Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Jul;222(2-3):249–256. doi: 10.1007/BF00633825. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rizzo T. M., Palukaitis P. Nucleotide sequence and evolutionary relationships of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains: CMV RNA 2. J Gen Virol. 1988 Aug;69(Pt 8):1777–1787. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-1777. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ryals J., Lawton K. A., Delaney T. P., Friedrich L., Kessmann H., Neuenschwander U., Uknes S., Vernooij B., Weymann K. Signal transduction in systemic acquired resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4202–4205. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.10.4202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ryals J., Uknes S., Ward E. Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Physiol. 1994 Apr;104(4):1109–1112. doi: 10.1104/pp.104.4.1109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schwinghamer M. W., Symons R. H. Translation of the four major RNA species of cucumber mosaic virus in plant and animal cell-free systems and in toad oocytes. Virology. 1977 Jun 1;79(1):88–108. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90337-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Staskawicz B. J., Ausubel F. M., Baker B. J., Ellis J. G., Jones J. D. Molecular genetics of plant disease resistance. Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):661–667. doi: 10.1126/science.7732374. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Suzuki M., Kuwata S., Kataoka J., Masuta C., Nitta N., Takanami Y. Functional analysis of deletion mutants of cucumber mosaic virus RNA3 using an in vitro transcription system. Virology. 1991 Jul;183(1):106–113. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90123-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Whitham S., Dinesh-Kumar S. P., Choi D., Hehl R., Corr C., Baker B. The product of the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N: similarity to toll and the interleukin-1 receptor. Cell. 1994 Sep 23;78(6):1101–1115. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90283-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES