Table 1.

Metformin as an adjuvant cancer therapy in clinical trials

Stage	Treatment	Indication	NCT code
Early phase I	Atorvastatin + Metformin	Operable breast cancer	NCT01980823
Phase I	Erlotinib + Metformin	Triple negative breast cancer	NCT01650506
Phase I	Sapanisertib + Metformin	Advanced solid tumors	NCT03017833 108
Phase I	Temsirolimus + Metformin	Advanced solid tumors	NCT00659568
Phase II	Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device + Metformin	Endometrial cancer	NCT02035787
Phase II	Capecitabine + Radiotherapy + Metformin	Locally advanced rectal cancer	NCT02437656
Phase II	Abiraterone + Metformin	Metastatic prostate cancer	NCT01677897 109
Phase II	Letrozole + Metformin	ER (+) postmenopausal breast cancer	NCT01589367 110
Phase II	Docetaxel + Metformin	Castration-resistant prostate cancer	NCT01796028 111
Phase II	Letrozole + Metformin	Postmenopausal breast cancer	NCT05053841 112
Phase II	Standard chemotherapy + Metformin	Metastatic breast cancer.	NCT01310231 113
Phase II	Nivolumab + Metformin	Metastatic colon cancer	NCT03800602 43
Phase III	Leucovorin + Fluorouracil + Oxaliplatin + Metformin	Metastatic colon cancer	NCT05921942