1Division of Microbial Ecology, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
2MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
3Research Center for Mathematics, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
4Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
5Department of Technical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
6Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo Japan
7Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
8Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
© The Author(s) 2025
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.