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. 1999 Feb 1;18(3):543–554. doi: 10.1093/emboj/18.3.543

The structure and function of a foot-and-mouth disease virus-oligosaccharide receptor complex.

E E Fry 1, S M Lea 1, T Jackson 1, J W Newman 1, F M Ellard 1, W E Blakemore 1, R Abu-Ghazaleh 1, A Samuel 1, A M King 1, D I Stuart 1
PMCID: PMC1171147  PMID: 9927414

Abstract

Heparan sulfate has an important role in cell entry by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We find that subtype O1 FMDV binds this glycosaminoglycan with a high affinity by immobilizing a specific highly abundant motif of sulfated sugars. The binding site is a shallow depression on the virion surface, located at the junction of the three major capsid proteins, VP1, VP2 and VP3. Two pre-formed sulfate-binding sites control receptor specificity. Residue 56 of VP3, an arginine in this virus, is critical to this recognition, forming a key component of both sites. This residue is a histidine in field isolates of the virus, switching to an arginine in adaptation to tissue culture, forming the high affinity heparan sulfate-binding site. We postulate that this site is a conserved feature of FMDVs, such that in the infected animal there is a biological advantage to low affinity, or more selective, interactions with glycosaminoglycan receptors.

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Selected References

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