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. 1999 Nov 15;18(22):6472–6480. doi: 10.1093/emboj/18.22.6472

Hinge-helix formation and DNA bending in various lac repressor-operator complexes.

C A Spronk 1, G E Folkers 1, A M Noordman 1, R Wechselberger 1, N van den Brink 1, R Boelens 1, R Kaptein 1
PMCID: PMC1171710  PMID: 10562559

Abstract

The hinge-region of the lac repressor plays an important role in the models for induction and DNA looping in the lac operon. When lac repressor is bound to a tight-binding symmetric operator, this region forms an alpha-helix that induces bending of the operator. The presence of the hinge-helices is questioned by previous data that suggest that the repressor does not bend the wild-type operator. We show that in the wild-type complex the hinge-helices are formed and the DNA is bent, similar to the symmetric complex. Furthermore, our data show differences in the binding of the DNA binding domains to the half-sites of the wild-type operator and reveal the role of the central base-pair of the wild-type operator in the repressor-operator interaction. The differences in binding to the operator half-sites are incorporated into a model that explains the relative affinities of the repressor for various lac operator sequences that contain left and right half-sites with different spacer lengths.

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