Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1972 Jan;126(1):59–65. doi: 10.1042/bj1260059

Control of the redox state of the nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide couple in rat liver cytoplasm

Marion Stubbs 1, R L Veech 1, H A Krebs 1
PMCID: PMC1178351  PMID: 4342386

Abstract

1. A study has been made of the ability of rat liver in vivo to maintain equilibrium in the combined glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase reactions, i.e. in the system: [Formula: see text] Attempts were made to upset equilibrium. The [lactate]/[pyruvate] ratio was rapidly changed by injection of ethanol or crotyl alcohol, and the value of [ATP]/[ADP][HPO42−] was rapidly changed by injection of ethionine or carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone. 2. The concentrations of the metabolites occurring in the above equation were measured in freeze-clamped liver. 3. Although the injected agents caused large changes in the concentrations of the individual components, near-equilibrium in the system was maintained, as indicated by the fact that the value of [ATP]/[ADP][HPO42−], referred to as the phosphorylation state of the adenine nucleotides, measured directly agreed with the value calculated for equilibrium conditions from the above equation. 4. The results are discussed and taken to confirm that the order of magnitude of the value of the redox state of the cytoplasmic NAD couple in rat liver is controlled by the phosphorylation state of the adenine nucleotide system.

Full text

PDF
59

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. FARBER E., SHULL K. H., VILLA-TREVINO S., LOMBARDI B., THOMAS M. BIOCHEMICAL PATHOLOGY OF ACUTE HEPATIC ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATE DEFICIENCY. Nature. 1964 Jul 4;203:34–40. doi: 10.1038/203034a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. FIELD J. B., WILLIAMS H. E., MORTIMORE G. E. Studies on the mechanism of ethanol-induced hypoglycemia. J Clin Invest. 1963 Apr;42:497–506. doi: 10.1172/JCI104738. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. FREINKEL N., ARKY R. A., SINGER D. L., COHEN A. K., BLEICHER S. J., ANDERSON J. B., SILBERT C. K., FOSTER A. E. ALCOHOL HYPOGLYCEMIA. IV. CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ITS PATHOGENESIS. Diabetes. 1965 Jun;14:350–361. doi: 10.2337/diab.14.6.350. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. ISSELBACHER K. J., GREENBERGER N. J. METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE LIVER. N Engl J Med. 1964 Feb 13;270:351–CONTD. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196402132700707. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Lieber C. S. Chronic alcoholic hepatic injury in experimental animals and man: biochemical pathways and nutritional factors. Fed Proc. 1967 Sep;26(5):1443–1448. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Pfaff E., Klingenberg M., Ritt E., Vogell W. Korrelation des unspezifisch permeablen mitochondrialen Raumes mit dem "Intermembran-Raum". Eur J Biochem. 1968 Jul;5(2):222–232. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00361.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. REBOUCAS G., ISSELBACHER K. J. Studies on the pathogenesis of the ethanol-induced fatty liver. I. Synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids by the liver. J Clin Invest. 1961 Aug;40:1355–1362. doi: 10.1172/JCI104366. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. SMITH M. E., NEWMAN H. W. The rate of ethanol metabolism in fed and fasting animals. J Biol Chem. 1959 Jun;234(6):1544–1549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Veech R. L., Raijman L., Dalziel K., Krebs H. A. Disequilibrium in the triose phosphate isomerase system in rat liver. Biochem J. 1969 Dec;115(4):837–842. doi: 10.1042/bj1150837. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Veech R. L., Raijman L., Krebs H. A. Equilibrium relations between the cytoplasmic adenine nucleotide system and nicotinamide-adenine nucleotide system in rat liver. Biochem J. 1970 Apr;117(3):499–503. doi: 10.1042/bj1170499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. WILLIAMSON D. H., MELLANBY J., KREBS H. A. Enzymic determination of D(-)-beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid in blood. Biochem J. 1962 Jan;82:90–96. doi: 10.1042/bj0820090. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. WOLLENBERGER A., RISTAU O., SCHOFFA G. [A simple technic for extremely rapid freezing of large pieces of tissue]. Pflugers Arch Gesamte Physiol Menschen Tiere. 1960;270:399–412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Williamson D. H., Lund P., Krebs H. A. The redox state of free nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of rat liver. Biochem J. 1967 May;103(2):514–527. doi: 10.1042/bj1030514. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Williamson J. R., Scholz R., Browning E. T., Thurman R. G., Fukami M. H. Metabolic effects of ethanol in perfused rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1969 Sep 25;244(18):5044–5054. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES