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The gene expression of immune-related inflammatory cytokines in the proximate intestine (PI), middle intestine (MI), and head kidney (HK) of turbot before V. harveyi challenge. il-1β, interleukin-1β; tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor α. Values are means ± standard error of three replicate tanks. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Tukeys' multiple comparison test.
