Table 1.

Advantages of three digital media in physical education teaching in the OLPE model

Edmodo	Zoom	Google Meet
In the United States, OLPE utilizes Edmodo to upload various training videos and courseware, allowing students to watch and learn at any time. Teachers assign online tests and homework, which students complete and submit online. Teachers then provide real-time corrections and feedback, improving teaching quality and saving time In the United Kingdom, Edmodo is used to organize school sports competitions, publish competition notices and schedules, and enable students to register and check in online. Through Edmodo’s discussion area, students share their competition experiences, and teachers provide comments and encouragement, enhancing students’ sense of participation and enthusiasm In Canada, sports coaches use Edmodo to develop detailed training plans for team members. By tracking each member’s progress, maintaining communication, answering questions during training, and providing technical guidance, coaches ensure the quality and effectiveness of the team members’ training	During the COVID-19 period, Zoom became well known for its stable video conferencing capabilities and unique teaching methods such as breakout roomes for group discussions and screen sharing. It is especially suited for real-time interaction and demonstration teaching, offering a high-quality live teaching experience. As education worldwide shifted from offline to online. Zoom 5.0 was released in May 2020 to support the OLPE teaching model. Its key advantage is the ability to record, store and share sessions in the cloud, with recordings available for download and storage on a hard drive for up to 30 days Zoom offers several advantages for OLPE. First, for skill-based teaching, teachers demonstrate movements while students imitate and practice through videos. Students can practice movements at home or in any suitable location, and teachers observe and provide feedback in real time. Second, for virtual sports training, students train at home while teachers offer real-time guidance and corrections via ZOOM, ensuring efficient training. Physical education teachers can conduct online theoretical lessons, practical skills teaching, virtual training, and competitions effectively. Additionally, Zoom facilitates tutoring, Q&A sessions, and feedback. Teachers can provide individual or group tutoring, address learning challenges, and enhance the quality of physical education instruction Finally, Zoom supports online competitions and skill assessments, allowing students to showcase their skills while teachers evaluate and give feedback in real time	By making effective use of the Google Meet, teachers can conduct online theoretical instruction, virtual competitions, tutoring, and Q&A sessions, and evaluation feedback, thus enhancing the quality and effectiveness of physical education instruction. Teachers can vividly highlight key concepts from textbooks, stimulate active student engagement, and foster objective thinking and imagination For theoretical instruction, teachers use Google Meet to explain physical education concepts and share PPTs, videos, and other teaching resources via the screen sharing function. Kim (2021) noted out that OLPE can increase participation among students who may lack physical skills or confidence, supporting their grow professionally and personally In practical skills training, teachers demonstrate sports skills and movements in real time, enabling students to practice simultaneously at home. Teachers observe students’ movements through video and provide immediate feedback and guidance. Additionally, teachers can record lessons for students to review after class, reinforcing learning outcomes. Google Meet not only boots students’ enthusiasm for learning but also help maintain high teaching quality and effectiveness