Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1979 Jan 15;178(1):201–208. doi: 10.1042/bj1780201

Membranes and bile formation. Composition of several mammalian biles and their membrane-damaging properties.

R Coleman, S Iqbal, P P Godfrey, D Billington
PMCID: PMC1186497  PMID: 435277

Abstract

The total content and profile of bile salts and phospholipids are reported for several mammalian biles. Rabbit and guinea-pig biles are characterized by high proportions of conjugated dihydroxy bile salts with respect to trihydroxy bile salts, but contain relatively little phospholipid. Both rabbit and guinea-pig biles exhibit little evidence of hepatic cell damage, even though they are able to cause membrane damage (as evidenced by lysis of human erythrocytes) at low (2--3 mM) concentrations of bile salts; this lytic behaviour is also a property of their predominant bile salts. Addition of phosphatidylcholine to the bile or bile salt is able to decrease the lytic behaviour. Perhaps the most significant observation is that these biles, and their predominant bile salts, are dramatically less lytic towards sheep erythrocytes, indicating that some factor(s) in membrane composition and structure may partly explain the resistance of membranes of the biliary tract to the presence of high concentrations of potentially membrane-damaging bile salts.

Full text

PDF
201

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ADAMS E. P., HEATH T. J. THE PHOSPHOLIPIDS OF RUMINANT BILE. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Dec 27;70:688–690. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90813-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BARTLETT G. R. Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. J Biol Chem. 1959 Mar;234(3):466–468. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BLIGH E. G., DYER W. J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959 Aug;37(8):911–917. doi: 10.1139/o59-099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baginski E. S., Foà P. P., Zak B. Microdetermination of inorganic phosphate, phospholipids, and total phosphate in biologic materials. Clin Chem. 1967 Apr;13(4):326–332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Billington D., Coleman R. Effects of bile salts of human erythrocytes. Plasma membrane vesiculation, phospholipid solubilization and their possible relationships to bile secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 May 4;509(1):33–47. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90005-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Billington D., Coleman R., Lusak Y. A. Topographical dissection of sheep erythrocyte membrane phospholipids by taurocholate and glycocholate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 May 2;466(3):526–530. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(77)90348-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brightwell R., Tappel A. L. Subcellular distributions and properties of rat liver phosphodiesterases. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1968 Mar 20;124(1):325–332. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90334-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Coleman R., Billington D. Effects of mammalian bile on plasma membranes [proceedings]. Biochem Soc Trans. 1978;6(1):288–289. doi: 10.1042/bst0060288. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Coleman R., Holdsworth G., Finean J. B. Detergent extraction of erythrocyte ghosts. Comparison of residues after cholate and Triton X-100 treatments. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Jun 4;436(1):38–44. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90217-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Coleman R., Holdsworth G. The release of membrane components prior to haemolysis during extraction of intact eryghrocytes with bile salts. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Apr 5;426(4):776–780. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90146-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Evans W. H., Kremmmer T., Culvenor J. G. Role of membranes in bile formation. Comparison of the composition of bile and a liver bile-canalicular plasma-membrane subfraction. Biochem J. 1976 Mar 15;154(3):589–595. doi: 10.1042/bj1540589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GAENSHIRT H., KOSS F. W., MORIANZ K. [Studies on the quantitative evaluation of thin-layer chromatography. 2. Separation and determination of bile acids]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1960 Nov;10:943–947. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. GOLDBARG J. A., RUTENBURG A. M. The colorimetric determination of leucine aminopeptidase in urine and serum of normal subjects and patients with cancer and other diseases. Cancer. 1958 Mar-Apr;11(2):283–291. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(195803/04)11:2<283::aid-cncr2820110209>3.0.co;2-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Galliard T., Michell R. H., Hawthorne J. N. Incorporation of phosphate into diphosphoinositide by subcellular fractions from liver. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Dec 2;106(3):551–563. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90071-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gregg J. A., Poley J. R. Excretion of bile acids in normal rabbits. Am J Physiol. 1966 Nov;211(5):1147–1151. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1966.211.5.1147. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Helenius A., Simons K. Solubilization of membranes by detergents. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Mar 25;415(1):29–79. doi: 10.1016/0304-4157(75)90016-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Holdsworth G., Coleman R. Enzyme profiles of mammalian bile. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1975 Apr 21;389(1):47–50. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90384-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Holdsworth G., Coleman R. Plasma-membrane components can be removed from isolated lymphocytes by the bile salts glycocholate and taurocholate without cell lysis. Biochem J. 1976 Aug 15;158(2):493–495. doi: 10.1042/bj1580493. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kinne R., Kinne-Saffran E. Isolierung und enzymatische Charakterisierung einer Bürstensaumfraktion der Rattenniere. Pflugers Arch. 1969;308(1):1–15. doi: 10.1007/BF00588029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kremmer T., Wisher M. H., Evans W. H. The lipid composition of plasma membrane subfractions originating from the three major functional domains of the rat hepatocyte cell surface. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Dec 14;455(3):655–664. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(76)90039-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mangiapane E. H., Lloyd-Davies K. A., Brindley D. N. A study of some enzymes of glycerolipid biosynthesis in rat liver after subtotal hepatectomy. Biochem J. 1973 May;134(1):103–112. doi: 10.1042/bj1340103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Michell R. H., Hawthorne J. N. The site of diphosphoinositide synthesis in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1965 Nov 22;21(4):333–338. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(65)90198-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. SPITZER H. L., KYRIAKIDES E. C., BALINT J. A. BILIARY PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN VARIOUS SPECIES. Nature. 1964 Oct 17;204:288–288. doi: 10.1038/204288a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Skipski V. P., Peterson R. F., Barclay M. Quantitative analysis of phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography. Biochem J. 1964 Feb;90(2):374–378. doi: 10.1042/bj0900374. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Steck T. L. The organization of proteins in the human red blood cell membrane. A review. J Cell Biol. 1974 Jul;62(1):1–19. doi: 10.1083/jcb.62.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. TALALAY P. Enzymic analysis of steroid hormones. Methods Biochem Anal. 1960;8:119–143. doi: 10.1002/9780470110249.ch3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Taylor W. The bile acid composition of rabbit and cat gall-bladder bile. J Steroid Biochem. 1977 Oct;8(10):1077–1084. doi: 10.1016/0022-4731(77)90277-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Vyvoda O. S., Coleman R., Holdsworth G. Effects of different bile salts upon the composition and morphology of a liver plasma membrane preparation. Deoxycholate is more membrane damaging than cholate and its conjugates. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1977 Feb 14;465(1):68–76. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(77)90356-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Yousef I. M., Bloxam D. L., Phillips M. J., Fisher M. M. Liver cell plasma membrane lipids and the origin of biliary phospholipid. Can J Biochem. 1975 Sep;53(9):989–997. doi: 10.1139/o75-135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Yousef I. M., Fisher M. M. In vitro effect of free bile acids on the bile canalicular membrane phospholipids in the rat. Can J Biochem. 1976 Dec;54(12):1040–1046. doi: 10.1139/o76-152. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES