Abstract
The use of monoiodoacetate (MIA) for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) and the effect of exercise on the degree of fusion were investigated. Eight horses received 3 injections (Weeks 0, 3, 6) of MIA (2 mL; 60 mg/mL) into the right or left front PIJ. Peri-operatively, the horses received phenylbutazone, butorphanol, and abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks to relieve pain. During the study, the horses were monitored for general health, lameness, and swelling around the injection area. Radiographs were taken biweekly to evaluate bony fusion. Horses were randomly divided into non-exercised and exercised groups. Exercise consisted of 20 minutes of trotting on a treadmill (4 m/s), 3 days per week for 13 weeks. The horses were euthanized at 24 weeks. Slab sections of the PIJ were evaluated grossly and radiographically for bony fusion. Histologic examinations were performed to evaluate articular cartilage. Three horses were excluded from the study after developing soft tissue necrosis around the injection site, septic arthritis, and necrotic tendinitis. The remaining horses remained healthy, developed a grade 1 to 4 lameness with minimal to severe swelling in the PIJ region. All 5 horses showed radiographic evidence of bony fusion, however, no fusion was present when injected joints were examined on postmortem examination. Histologic examination revealed thinning of the cartilage, diffuse necrosis of chondrocytes, with the calcified zone intact. Subjectively, exercise did not influence the degree of cartilage destruction. Based on this study, chemical arthrodesis cannot be advocated in clinical cases because of the high complication rate and lack of bony fusion.
Full text
PDF
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adams O. R. Surgical arthrodesis for treatment of bone spavin. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1970 Dec 1;157(11):1480–1485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Amor B. Le diagnostic précoce de l'arthrose des hanches et des qenoux. Rev Prat. 1989 Mar 2;39(7):559–563. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bohanon T. C., Schneider R. K., Weisbrode S. E. Fusion of the distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in the horse using intraarticular sodium monoiodoacetate. Equine Vet J. 1991 Jul;23(4):289–295. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03720.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Edwards G. B. Surgical arthrodesis for the treatment of bone spavin in 20 horses. Equine Vet J. 1982 Apr;14(2):117–121. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1982.tb02362.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lanyon P., O'Reilly S., Jones A., Doherty M. Radiographic assessment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the community: definitions and normal joint space. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998 Oct;57(10):595–601. doi: 10.1136/ard.57.10.595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MANKIN H. J., ORLIC P. A. A METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE "HEALTH" OF RABBIT ARTICULAR CARTILAGE BY ASSAYS OF RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. Lab Invest. 1964 May;13:465–475. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller S. M., Stover S. M., Taylor K. T., Zarucco L. A. Palmaroproximal approach for arthrocentesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses. Equine Vet J. 1996 Sep;28(5):376–380. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03108.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sammut E. B., Kannegieter N. J. Use of sodium monoiodoacetate to fuse the distal hock joints in horses. Aust Vet J. 1995 Jan;72(1):25–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1995.tb03471.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simmons E. J., Bertone A. L., Weisbrode S. E. Instability-induced osteoarthritis in the metacarpophalangeal joint of horses. Am J Vet Res. 1999 Jan;60(1):7–13. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]