Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1989 Jan;408:115–128. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017450

Effect of pulmonary venous congestion on respiratory rate in dogs.

C T Kappagoda 1, K Ravi 1, K K Teo 1
PMCID: PMC1190394  PMID: 2778723

Abstract

1. The effect of pulmonary venous congestion on the respiratory rate was examined in dogs anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose. The study was done on both spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated animals. Pulmonary venous congestion was produced by partial obstruction of the mitral valve sufficient to raise the left atrial pressure by 5 mmHg. 2. In artificially ventilated dogs, pulmonary venous congestion increased significantly the activity in phrenic nerves. Both the number of bursts/min and the total number of impulses/min increased. However, there was no significant change in the number of impulses/burst. 3. In spontaneously breathing dogs, pulmonary venous congestion produced a significant increase in the frequency of breathing with a significant shortening of the inspiratory and expiratory durations. 4. Cooling of the cervical vagi to 8-9 degrees C abolished both the above responses. 5. Pulmonary venous congestion (left atrial pressure +5 mmHg) stimulated the rapidly adapting receptors of the airways. This effect was abolished by cooling the ipsilateral vagus proximally to 8-9 degrees C. 6. It is concluded that pulmonary venous congestion increases the respiratory rate reflexly in dogs. The afferent pathway for this reflex response resides in the vagus and the rapidly adapting receptors are likely to be the receptors involved in this response.

Full text

PDF

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. AVIADO D. M., Jr, LI T. H., KALOW W., SCHMIDT C. F., TURNBULL G. L., PESKIN G. W., HESS M. E., WEISS A. J. Respiratory and circulatory reflexes from the perfused heart and pulmonary circulation of the dog. Am J Physiol. 1951 May;165(2):261–277. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1951.165.2.261. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anand A., Paintal A. S. Reflex effects following selective stimulation of J receptors in the cat. J Physiol. 1980 Feb;299:553–572. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1980.sp013142. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bartoli A., Bystrzycka E., Guz A., Jain S. K., Noble M. I., Trenchard D. Studies of the pulmonary vagal control of central respiratory rhythm in the absence of breathing movements. J Physiol. 1973 Apr;230(2):449–465. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010197. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brunner M. J., Sussman M. S., Greene A. S., Kallman C. H., Shoukas A. A. Carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of respiration. Circ Res. 1982 Nov;51(5):624–636. doi: 10.1161/01.res.51.5.624. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Clark F. J., von Euler C. On the regulation of depth and rate of breathing. J Physiol. 1972 Apr;222(2):267–295. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009797. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Coleridge H. M., Coleridge J. C., Roberts A. M. Rapid shallow breathing evoked by selective stimulation of airway C fibres in dogs. J Physiol. 1983 Jul;340:415–433. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014770. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DOWNING S. E. Reflex effects of acute hypertension in the pulmonary vascular bed of the dog. Yale J Biol Med. 1957 Sep;30(1):43–56. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Eldridge F. L. Relationship between phrenic nerve activity and ventilation. Am J Physiol. 1971 Aug;221(2):535–543. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1971.221.2.535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. GUYTON A. C., LINDSEY A. W. Effect of elevated left atrial pressure and decreased plasma protein concentration on the development of pulmonary edema. Circ Res. 1959 Jul;7(4):649–657. doi: 10.1161/01.res.7.4.649. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kappagoda C. T., Linden R. J., Sivananthan N. The nature of the atrial receptors responsible for a reflex increase in heart rate in the dog. J Physiol. 1979 Jun;291:393–412. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012821. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kappagoda C. T., Man G. C., Teo K. K. Behaviour of canine pulmonary vagal afferent receptors during sustained acute pulmonary venous pressure elevation. J Physiol. 1987 Dec;394:249–265. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016869. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kaufman M. P., Coleridge H. M., Coleridge J. C., Baker D. G. Bradykinin stimulates afferent vagal C-fibers in intrapulmonary airways of dogs. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1980 Mar;48(3):511–517. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1980.48.3.511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ledsome J. R., Hainsworth R. The effects upon respiration of distension of the pulmonary vein-atrial junctions. Respir Physiol. 1970 Apr;9(1):86–94. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(70)90009-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lloyd T. C., Jr Effects of pulmonary congestion and of left atrial distention on breathing in dogs. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1978 Sep;45(3):385–391. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1978.45.3.385. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. MARSHALL R., WIDDICOMBE J. G. The activity of pulmonary stretch receptors during congestion of the lungs. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1958 Jul;43(3):320–330. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1958.sp001336. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Man G. C., Man S. F., Kappagoda C. T. Effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on vagal and phrenic nerve activities. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1983 Feb;54(2):502–507. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1983.54.2.502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Paintal A. S. Vagal sensory receptors and their reflex effects. Physiol Rev. 1973 Jan;53(1):159–227. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1973.53.1.159. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Ravi K. Role of vagal and sympathetic afferents in reflex respiratory responses to capsaicin in dogs. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1988 Jul;66(7):946–950. doi: 10.1139/y88-154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Roberts A. M., Bhattacharya J., Schultz H. D., Coleridge H. M., Coleridge J. C. Stimulation of pulmonary vagal afferent C-fibers by lung edema in dogs. Circ Res. 1986 Apr;58(4):512–522. doi: 10.1161/01.res.58.4.512. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schertel E. R., Adams L., Schneider D. A., Smith K. S., Green J. F. Rapid shallow breathing evoked by capsaicin from isolated pulmonary circulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1986 Sep;61(3):1237–1240. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.1237. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Thorén P. N. Atrial receptors with nonmedullated vagal afferents in the cat. Discharge frequency and pattern in relation to atrial pressure. Circ Res. 1976 May;38(5):357–362. doi: 10.1161/01.res.38.5.357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES