Skip to main content
NCBI home page
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1989 May;412:351–363. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017620

Cardio-respiratory responses to cool ambient temperature differ with sleep state in neonatal lambs.

P J Berger 1, R S Horne 1, A M Walker 1
PMCID: PMC1190580  PMID: 2600835

Abstract

1. Responses to cool ambient temperature were tested with reference to the sleep-wakefulness cycle in six chronically instrumented newborn lambs which were exposed to warm (20-25 degrees C) and cool (10-15 degrees C) ambient temperatures (Ta) in fifteen studies. 2. We measured cardio-respiratory variables (cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, arteriovenous O2 difference and O2 consumption) together with body temperature (Tb) during behavioural states of quiet wakefulness (QW), quiet sleep (QS) and rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM). 3. In cool Ta, significant increases (P less than 0.05) occurred in cardiac output, O2 uptake and O2 consumption in QW (10 +/- 3%, 23 +/- 4% and 35 +/- 6%, respectively, mean +/- S.E.M.) and QS (12 +/- 3%, 21 +/- 7% and 35 +/- 8%, respectively), but these responses were absent in REM. Increases in heart rate (6 +/- 2%) and stroke volume (6 +/- 3%) were present during QS, but not during REM. 4. In REM, Tb was dependent upon the prevailing Ta, increasing in the warm Ta and tending to decrease in the cool Ta. 5. In cool Ta, REM sleep epochs were shorter and more frequent with no changes in total REM time. These changes were not seen in QS. 6. Thus, the behavioural state determines both the thermogenic and the associated cardio-respiratory responses to cool stress in lambs. The consequences of disrupted thermogenesis during REM sleep include dependence of Tb upon the prevailing ambient temperature, and abbreviation of the REM epoch by arousal, possibly as a defence against falls in Tb in cool Ta.

Full text

PDF
351

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Darnall R. A., Jr, Ariagno R. L. The effect of sleep state on active thermoregulation in the premature infant. Pediatr Res. 1982 Jul;16(7):512–514. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198207000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Fewell J. E., Johnson P. Acute increases in blood pressure cause arousal from sleep in lambs. Brain Res. 1984 Oct 8;311(2):259–265. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(84)90088-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Fewell J. E., Williams B. J., Hill D. E. Behavioural state influences the cardiovascular response to haemorrhage in lambs. J Dev Physiol. 1984 Aug;6(4):339–348. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Fewell J. E., Williams B. J., Hill D. E. Control of blood pressure during sleep in lambs. Sleep. 1985;8(3):254–260. doi: 10.1093/sleep/8.3.254. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Fisher D. J. Cardiac output and regional blood flows during hypoxaemia in unanaesthetized newborn lambs. J Dev Physiol. 1984 Dec;6(6):485–494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Franzini C., Cianci T., Lenzi P., Libert J. P., Horne J. A., Parmeggiani P. L. Influence of brown adipose tissue on deep cervical temperature during sleep in the young rabbit. Experientia. 1986 Jun 15;42(6):604–606. doi: 10.1007/BF01955554. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Glotzbach S. F., Heller H. C. Central nervous regulation of body temperature during sleep. Science. 1976 Oct 29;194(4264):537–539. doi: 10.1126/science.973138. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Havill A. M., Gee M. H. Role of interstitium in clearance of alveolar fluid in normal and injured lungs. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Jul;57(1):1–6. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.57.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Heller H. C., Glotzbach S. F. Thermoregulation during sleep and hibernation. Int Rev Physiol. 1977;15:147–188. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Klopfenstein H. S., Rudolph A. M. Postnatal changes in the circulation and responses to volume loading in sheep. Circ Res. 1978 Jun;42(6):839–845. doi: 10.1161/01.res.42.6.839. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lister G., Walter T. K., Versmold H. T., Dallman P. R., Rudolph A. M. Oxygen delivery in lambs: cardiovascular and hematologic development. Am J Physiol. 1979 Dec;237(6):H668–H675. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1979.237.6.H668. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Parmeggiani P. L., Zamboni G., Cianci T., Agnati L. F., Ricci C. Influence of anterior hypothalamic heating on the duration of fast wave sleep episodes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1974 May;36(5):465–470. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(74)90203-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Shapiro C. M., Goll C. C., Cohen G. R., Oswald I. Heat production during sleep. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1984 Mar;56(3):671–677. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1984.56.3.671. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Sibley Y. D., Walker A. M., Maloney J. E. The influence of behavioural state on the cardiovascular system of newborn lambs. J Dev Physiol. 1982 Apr;4(2):107–119. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sidi D., Kuipers J. R., Heymann M. A., Rudolph A. M. Effects of ambient temperature on oxygen consumption and the circulation in newborn lambs at rest and during hypoxemia. Pediatr Res. 1983 Apr;17(4):254–258. doi: 10.1203/00006450-198304000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Stothers J. K., Warner R. M. Thermal balance and sleep state in the newborn. Early Hum Dev. 1984 Jun;9(4):313–322. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(84)90076-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sullivan C. E., Murphy E., Kozar L. F., Phillipson E. A. Ventilatory responses to CO2 and lung inflation in tonic versus phasic REM sleep. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1979 Dec;47(6):1305–1310. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1979.47.6.1304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Walker J. M., Berger R. J. The ontogenesis of sleep states, thermogenesis, and thermoregulation in the Virginia opossum. Dev Psychobiol. 1980 Sep;13(5):443–454. doi: 10.1002/dev.420130502. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES