Skip to main content
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1988 Dec;407:363–372. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp017420

The composition of extracellular interstitial fluid collected with a push-pull cannula from the testes of adult rats.

S Maddocks 1, B P Setchell 1
PMCID: PMC1191208  PMID: 3256621

Abstract

1. A push-pull cannula has been used to obtain extracellular interstitial fluid from the testes of anaesthetized adult rats. 2. Assuming or having demonstrated that appropriate radioactive markers had equilibrated between the vascular and extracellular fluid compartment of the testis, the dilution of the cannula infusate by extracellular interstitial fluid of the testis has been determined. These dilutions have then been used, with the measured concentrations of sodium, potassium, protein and testosterone in the perfusate, to calculate the concentrations of these substances in undiluted extracellular interstitial fluid of the testis. 3. Sodium, potassium and protein levels in testicular interstitial fluid calculated in this way were similar to blood plasma levels. Testosterone concentrations were certainly no greater than in testicular venous blood, and may have been even less. The results with testosterone and potassium contrast with earlier results obtained with less-physiological techniques.

Full text

PDF
363

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. COWIE A. T., LASCELLES A. K., WALLACE J. C. FLOW AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF TESTICULAR LYMPH IN CONSCIOUS RAMS. J Physiol. 1964 May;171:176–187. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007370. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chandrasekhar Y., D'Occhio M. J., Setchell B. P. Reproductive hormone secretion and spermatogenic function in thyroidectomized rams receiving graded doses of exogenous thyroxine. J Endocrinol. 1986 Nov;111(2):245–253. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1110245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ewing L. L., Zirkin B. R., Cochran R. C., Kromann N., Peters C., Ruiz-Bravo N. Testosterone secretion by rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, and hamster testes perfused in vitro: correlation with Leydig cell mass. Endocrinology. 1979 Nov;105(5):1135–1142. doi: 10.1210/endo-105-5-1135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Fawcett D. W., Heidger P. M., Leak L. V. Lymph vascular system of the interstitial tissue of the testis as revealed by electron microscopy. J Reprod Fertil. 1969 Jun;19(1):109–119. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0190109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fawcett D. W., Neaves W. B., Flores M. N. Comparative observations on intertubular lymphatics and the organization of the interstitial tissue of the mammalian testis. Biol Reprod. 1973 Dec;9(5):500–532. doi: 10.1093/biolreprod/9.5.500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Galil K. A., Setchell B. P. Effects of local heating of the testes on the concentration of testosterone in jugular and testicular venous blood of rats and on testosterone production in vitro. Int J Androl. 1988 Feb;11(1):61–72. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1988.tb01217.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. HALLEY J. B. Relation of Leydig cells in the human testicle to the tubules and testicular function. Nature. 1960 Mar 19;185:865–866. doi: 10.1038/185865a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hinton B. T., Dott H. M., Setchell B. P. Measurement of the motility of rat spermatozoa collected by micropuncture from the testis and from different regions along the epididymis. J Reprod Fertil. 1979 Jan;55(1):167–172. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0550167. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Horton R., Tait J. F. Androstenedione production and interconversion rates measured in peripheral blood and studies on the possible site of its conversion to testosterone. J Clin Invest. 1966 Mar;45(3):301–313. doi: 10.1172/JCI105344. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kormano M. Development of the rectum--testis temperature difference in the post-natal rat. J Reprod Fertil. 1967 Dec;14(3):427–437. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0140427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. MULLER I. Kanälchen- und Capillararchitektonik des Rattenhodens. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1957;45(5):522–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Maddocks S., Setchell B. P. The physiology of the endocrine testis. Oxf Rev Reprod Biol. 1988;10:53–123. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Pande J. K., Chowdhury S. R., DasGupta P. R., Chowdhury A. R., Kar A. B. Biochemical composition of the rat testis fluid. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966 Mar;121(3):899–902. doi: 10.3181/00379727-121-30918. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pande J. K., Dasgupta P. R., Kar A. B. Biochemical composition of human testicular fluid collected post mortem. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1967 Jun;27(6):892–894. doi: 10.1210/jcem-27-6-892. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Setchell B. P., Pöllänen P., Zupp J. L. Development of the blood-testis barrier and changes in vascular permeability at puberty in rats. Int J Androl. 1988 Jun;11(3):225–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1988.tb00997.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Setchell B. P., Sharpe R. M. Effect of injected human chorionic gonadotrophin on capillary permeability, extracellular fluid volume and the flow of lymph and blood in the testes of rats. J Endocrinol. 1981 Nov;91(2):245–254. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0910245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Setchell B. P. The movement of fluids and substances in the testis. Aust J Biol Sci. 1986;39(2):193–207. doi: 10.1071/bi9860193. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Setchell B. P., Voglmayr J. K., Waites G. M. A blood-testis barrier restricting passage from blood into rete testis fluid but not into lymph. J Physiol. 1969 Jan;200(1):73–85. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008682. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sharpe R. M., Cooper I. Testicular interstitial fluid as a monitor for changes in the intratesticular environment in the rat. J Reprod Fertil. 1983 Sep;69(1):125–135. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0690125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sharpe R. M., Doogan D. G., Cooper I. Direct effects of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist on intratesticular levels of testosterone and interstitial fluid formation in intact male rats. Endocrinology. 1983 Oct;113(4):1306–1313. doi: 10.1210/endo-113-4-1306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sharpe R. M. Gonadotrophin-induced accumulation of 'interstitial fluid' in the rat testis. J Reprod Fertil. 1979 Mar;55(2):365–371. doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0550365. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Suzuki F. Microvasculature of the mouse testis and excurrent duct system. Am J Anat. 1982 Apr;163(4):309–325. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001630404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Szerb J. C. Model experiments with Gaddum's push-pull cannulas. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1967 Jul;45(4):613–620. doi: 10.1139/y67-074. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Tuck R. R., Setchell B. P., Waites G. M., Young J. A. The composition of fluid collected by micropuncture and catheterization from the seminiferous tubules and rete testis of rats. Pflugers Arch. 1970;318(3):225–243. doi: 10.1007/BF00593663. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Turner T. T., Ewing L. L., Jones C. E., Howards S. S., Zegeye B. Androgens in male rat reproductive tract fluids: hypophysectomy and steroid replacement. Am J Physiol. 1985 Mar;248(3 Pt 1):E274–E280. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.3.E274. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Turner T. T., Jones C. E., Howards S. S., Ewing L. L., Zegeye B., Gunsalus G. L. On the androgen microenvironment of maturing spermatozoa. Endocrinology. 1984 Nov;115(5):1925–1932. doi: 10.1210/endo-115-5-1925. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Yaksh T. L., Yamamura H. I. Factors affecting performance of the push-pull cannula in brain. J Appl Physiol. 1974 Sep;37(3):428–434. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1974.37.3.428. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES