Table 2.
Characteristics related to ICU discharge outcomes of ICU survivors included in the study (total and by periods, univariable analysis)
| Variablesa | Total (n = 443) | 2006–2015 (n = 281) | 2016–2019 (n = 162) | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male)b | 326 (74%) | 210 (75%) | 116 (72%) | –* | –* |
| Age (years)b | 47 (39.7–53.9) | 45.9 (39.6–51.8) | 50.1 (42.2–57.4) | –* | –* |
| Hospital readmission at 3 months post-ICU discharge (n = 310) | 117 (38%) | 55 (30%) | 62 (49%) | 2.21 (1.32–3.70) | 0.003 |
| ICU readmission at 3 months (n = 116) | 26 (22%) | 15 (28%) | 11 (18%) | 0.58 (0.22–1.54) | 0.277 |
| Hospital readmission at 12 months post-ICU discharge (n = 269) | 94 (35%) | 43 (29%) | 51 (42%) | 1.89 (1.06–3.39) | 0.032 |
| ICU readmission at 12 months (n = 92) | 10 (11%) | 5 (12%) | 5 (10%) | 0.59 (0.14–2.42) | 0.463 |
| Therapies after ICU discharge: | |||||
| Permanent hemodialysis (n = 31) | 9 (29%) | 4 (27%) | 5 (31%) | 1.74 (0.24–12.89) | 0.586 |
| Home oxygen therapy (n = 352) | 17 (5%) | 7 (3%) | 10 (7%) | 2.25 (0.46–11.07) | 0.319 |
| Home NIV (n = 355) | 2 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1.49 (0.13–17.09) | 0.748 |
| Discharge to a Nursing Home (n = 341) | 31 (9%) | 20 (10%) | 11 (8%) | 0.73 (0.32–1.68) | 0.459 |
| Continued ART at ICU discharge (n = 284) | 220 (77%) | 121 (72%) | 99 (85%) | 2.11 (1.12–3.99) | 0.021 |
| Continued ART at hospital discharge (n = 282) | 251 (89%) | 143 (87%) | 108 (92%) | 1.51 (0.67–3.36) | 0.319 |
| Continued ART at 6 months (n = 242) | 215 (89%) | 116 (87%) | 99 (91%) | 1.28 (0.53–3.08) | 0.585 |
| Continued ART at 12 months (n = 358) | 316 (88%) | 191 (87%) | 125 (90%) | 1.38 (0.66–2.90) | 0.391 |
| First CD4 count (cells/mm3) post-ICU discharge (n = 255) | 245 (103–483) | 245.5 (131–448) | 232 (95–536) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08)c | 0.243 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) 3–6 months post-ICU discharge (n = 207) | 296 (151–464) | 281 (158–448) | 312 (111.5–484) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08)c | 0.440 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) 6–12 months post-ICU discharge (n = 212) | 332 (186.5–519) | 345 (193–520) | 330 (160–504) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04)c | 0.483 |
| Death within one-year post-ICU discharge (n = 443) | 64 (14%) | 44 (16%) | 20 (12%) | 0.64 (0.36–1.14) | 0.133 |
Categorical variables are expressed as n (%) and quantitative variables as median (P25-P75)
ART antiretroviral therapy, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, NIV non-invasive ventilation, OR odds ratio
aUnder each variable, the sample size (n) on which the analysis was conducted is provided (ICU non-survivors and patients for whom the information was not available are excluded); bUsed as adjustment variable; cPer increase of 50 cells/mm3. *These variables are for adjustment, and their odds ratio (OR) are not interpreted