Skip to main content
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1968 May;107(6):775–791. doi: 10.1042/bj1070775

The pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism. Measurement of the non-oxidative reactions of the cycle

F Novello 1,*, Patricia McLean 1
PMCID: PMC1198749  PMID: 16742603

Abstract

Methods for the quantitative determination of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase, transketolase and transaldolase in tissue extracts are described. The determinations depend on the measurement of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by using the coupled system triose phosphate isomerase, α-glycero-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH. By using additional purified enzymes transketolase, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase conditions could be arranged so that each enzyme in turn was made rate-limiting in the overall system. Transaldolase was measured with fructose 6-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate as substrates, and again glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was measured by using the same coupled system. Measurements of the activities of the non-oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway were made in a variety of tissues and the values compared with those of the two oxidative steps catalysed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.

Full text

PDF
775

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ARESE P. EINE ENZYMATISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG VON 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONAT IN BIOLOGISCHEM MATERIAL. Biochem Z. 1964 Aug 11;340:345–350. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ASHWELL G., HICKMAN J. Enzymatic formation of xylulose 5-phosphate from ribose 5-phosphate in spleen. J Biol Chem. 1957 May;226(1):65–76. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BAXTER J. N., PERLIN A. S., SIMPSON F. J. Preparation and assay of D-erythrose 4-phosphate. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959 Feb;37(2):199–209. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BRUNS F. H., NOLTMANN E., VAHLHAUS E. Uber den Stoffwechsel von Ribose-5-phosphat in Hämolysaten. I. Aktivitätsmessung und Eigenschaften der Phosphoribose-isomerase. II. Der Pentosephosphat-Cyclus in roten Blutzellen. Biochem Z. 1958;330(6):483–496. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. COLAJACOMO A., MISSALE G., VERGNANO C., LUZZATTO L. Eptoformazione non ossidativa da glucoso-6-fosfato in alcuni tumori sperimentali. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1957 Oct-Nov;33(10-11):1761–1764. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. COOPER J., SRERE P. A., TABACHNICK M., RACKER E. The oxidative pentose phosphate cycle. II. Quantitative determination of intermediates and enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1958 Apr;74(2):306–314. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(58)90002-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DATTA A. G., RACKER E. Mechanism of action of transketolase. I. Properties of the crystalline yeast enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1961 Mar;236:617–623. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. DICKENS F., WILLIAMSON D. H. Pentose phosphate isomerase and epimerase from animal tissues. Biochem J. 1956 Nov;64(3):567–578. doi: 10.1042/bj0640567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DISCHE Z., BORENFREUND E. A new spectrophotometric method for the detection and determination of keto sugars and trioses. J Biol Chem. 1951 Oct;192(2):583–587. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. DISCHE Z., DISCHE M. R. Methods for the qualitative and quantitative determinations of tetroses by two new specific color reactions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1958 Jan;27(1):184–188. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(58)90307-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. DISCHE Z., IGALS D. Mechanisms in the interconversion of ribose 5-phosphate and hexose 6-phosphate in human hemolyzates. II. Erythrose 4-phosphate as intermediate and rate regulator in the interconversion of ribose 5-phosphate and hexose 6-phosphate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1961 May;93:201–210. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(61)90250-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. DISCHE Z. Qualitative and quantitative colorimetric determination of heptoses. J Biol Chem. 1953 Oct;204(2):983–997. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. FEIGELSON P., MARKS P. A. Biosynthesis of liver and tumor RNA ribose in the tumor-bearing rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1957 Jun;95(2):376–377. doi: 10.3181/00379727-95-23227. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. GLOCK G. E., MCLEAN P. A preliminary investigation of the hormonal control of the hexose monophosphate oxidative pathway. Biochem J. 1955 Nov;61(3):390–397. doi: 10.1042/bj0610390. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. GLOCK G. E., McLEAN P. Levels of enzymes of the direct oxidative pathway of carbohydrate metabolism in mammalian tissues and tumours. Biochem J. 1954 Jan;56(1):171–175. doi: 10.1042/bj0560171. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. GLOCK G. E. The formation and breakdown of pentophosphates by liver fractions. Biochem J. 1952 Dec;52(4):575–583. doi: 10.1042/bj0520575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. HIATT H. H. Studies of ribose metabolism. II. A method for the study of ribose synthesis in vivo. J Biol Chem. 1957 Dec;229(2):725–730. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. HORECKER B. L., HURWITZ J., SMYRNIOTIS P. Z. The role of xylulose 5-phosphate in the transketolase reaction. J Biol Chem. 1956 Dec;223(2):1009–1019. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. HORECKER B. L., SMYRNIOTIS P. Z., HIATT H. H., MARKS P. A. Tetrose phosphate and the formation of sedoheptulose diphosphate. J Biol Chem. 1955 Feb;212(2):827–836. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. HORECKER B. L., SMYRNIOTIS P. Z., KLENOW H. The formation of sedoheptulose phosphate. J Biol Chem. 1953 Dec;205(2):661–682. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. MANGIAROTTI G., CALISSANO P., LUZZATTO L. [Transketolase activity in some transplantable tumors in mice]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1960 Nov 30;36:1221–1224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. NIGAM V. N., SIE H. G., FISHMAN W. H. Distribution in nature of heptulose-phosphate-forming systems. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1961 Sep;39:1367–1372. doi: 10.1139/o61-145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. NIGAM V. N., SIE H. G., FISHMAN W. H. The natural occurrence of sedoheptulose monophosphate in liver. J Biol Chem. 1959 Aug;234(8):1955–1957. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. OSTROVSKII Iu M. [The formation of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate in the presence of different states of thiamine supply of the organism]. Biokhimiia. 1963;28:22–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. PEETERS G., DEBACKERE M. Le cycle oxydatif des hexose-monophosphates dans le tissu mammaire. Arch Int Physiol Biochim. 1956 Jun;64(3):527–528. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. PETTE D., KLINGENBERG M., BUECHER T. Comparable and specific proportions in the mitochondrial enzyme activity pattern. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1962 Jun 4;7:425–429. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(62)90328-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. PETTE D., LUH W., BUECHER T. A constant-proportion group in the enzyme activity pattern of the Embden-Meyerhof chain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1962 Jun 4;7:419–424. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(62)90327-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. SIMPSON F. J. Preparation and properties of transketolase from pork liver. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1960 Feb;38:115–124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Srivastava L. M., Hübscher G. Glucose metabolism in the mucosa of the small intestine. Enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway. Biochem J. 1966 Oct;101(1):48–55. doi: 10.1042/bj1010048. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. TABACHNICK M., SRERE P. A., COOPER J., RACKER E. The oxidative pentose phosphate cycle. III. The interconversion of ribose 5-phosphate, ribulose 5-phosphate and xylulose 5-phosphate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1958 Apr;74(2):315–325. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(58)90003-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. TEPPERMAN H. M., TEPPERMAN J. ON THE RESPONSE OF HEPATIC GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY TO CHANGES IN DIET COMPOSITION AND FOOD INTAKE PATTERN. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1963;1:121–136. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(63)90013-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. VENKATARAMAN R., RACKER E. Mechanism of action of transaldolase. I. Crystalization and properties of yeast enzyme. J Biol Chem. 1961 Jul;236:1876–1882. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. WEBER G., BANERJEE G., ASHMORE J. Activities of enzymes involved in glycolysis, glucogenesis and hexosemonophosphate shunt in rat adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1960 Aug;3:182–186. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(60)90219-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES