Skip to main content
Genetics logoLink to Genetics
. 1988 Aug;119(4):751–757. doi: 10.1093/genetics/119.4.751

Double-Stranded Gap Repair of DNA by Gene Conversion in Escherichia Coli

I Kobayashi 1, N Takahashi 1
PMCID: PMC1203461  PMID: 3044922

Abstract

We demonstrated repair of a double-stranded DNA gap through gene conversion by a homologous DNA sequence in Escherichia coli. We made a double-stranded gap in one of the two regions of homology in an inverted orientation on a plasmid DNA molecule and introduced it into an E. coli strain which has the RecE system of recombination (genotype; sbcA23 recB21 recC22). We detected repair products by genetic selection. The repair products were those expected by the double-strand-gap repair model. Gene conversion was frequently accompanied by crossing over of the flanking sequences as in eukaryotes. This double-strand gap repair mechanism can explain plasmid recombination in the absence of an artificial double-stranded break reported in a companion study by Yamamoto et al.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.8 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Jayaram M. Association of reciprocal exchange with gene conversion between the repeated segments of 2-micron circle. J Mol Biol. 1986 Oct 5;191(3):341–354. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90131-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Kmiec E., Holloman W. K. Beta protein of bacteriophage lambda promotes renaturation of DNA. J Biol Chem. 1981 Dec 25;256(24):12636–12639. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Kobayashi I., Ikeda H. Double Holliday structure: a possible in vivo intermediate form of general recombination in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;191(2):213–220. doi: 10.1007/BF00334816. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Kobayashi I., Murialdo H., Crasemann J. M., Stahl M. M., Stahl F. W. Orientation of cohesive end site cos determines the active orientation of chi sequence in stimulating recA . recBC-mediated recombination in phage lambda lytic infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(19):5981–5985. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.19.5981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kobayashi I., Stahl M. M., Fairfield F. R., Stahl F. W. Coupling with packaging explains apparent nonreciprocality of Chi-stimulated recombination of bacteriophage lambda by RecA and RecBC functions. Genetics. 1984 Dec;108(4):773–794. doi: 10.1093/genetics/108.4.773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kobayashi I., Stahl M. M., Leach D., Stahl F. W. The interaction of cos with Chi is separable from DNA packaging in recA-recBC-mediated recombination of bacteriophage lambda. Genetics. 1983 Aug;104(4):549–570. doi: 10.1093/genetics/104.4.549. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kobayashi I., Stahl M. M., Stahl F. W. The mechanism of the chi-cos interaction in RecA-RecBC-mediated recombination in phage lambda. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1984;49:497–506. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1984.049.01.056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Krasin F., Hutchinson F. Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in Escherichia coli, which requires recA function and the presence of a duplicate genome. J Mol Biol. 1977 Oct 15;116(1):81–98. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90120-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Muniyappa K., Radding C. M. The homologous recombination system of phage lambda. Pairing activities of beta protein. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jun 5;261(16):7472–7478. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Orr-Weaver T. L., Szostak J. W., Rothstein R. J. Yeast transformation: a model system for the study of recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6354–6358. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6354. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Orr-Weaver T. L., Szostak J. W. Yeast recombination: the association between double-strand gap repair and crossing-over. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(14):4417–4421. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.14.4417. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sakaki Y., Karu A. E., Linn S., Echols H. Purification and properties of the gamma-protein specified by bacteriophage lambda: an inhibitor of the host RecBC recombination enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Aug;70(8):2215–2219. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.8.2215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Simmon V. F., Lederberg S. Degradation of bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid after restriction by Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1972 Oct;112(1):161–169. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.1.161-169.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Stahl F. W., Kobayashi I., Stahl M. M. Distance from cohesive end site cos determines the replication requirement for recombination in phage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(20):6318–6321. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Stahl F. W., Kobayashi I., Stahl M. M. In phage lambda, cos is a recombinator in the red pathway. J Mol Biol. 1985 Jan 20;181(2):199–209. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90085-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Stahl F. W., Kobayashi I., Thaler D., Stahl M. M. Direction of travel of RecBC recombinase through bacteriophage lambda DNA. Genetics. 1986 Jun;113(2):215–227. doi: 10.1093/genetics/113.2.215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Stahl F. W., McMilin K. D., Stahl M. M., Crasemann J. M., Lam S. The distribution of crossovers along unreplicated lambda bacteriophage chromosomes. Genetics. 1974 Jul;77(3):395–408. doi: 10.1093/genetics/77.3.395. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Stahl F. W. Special sites in generalized recombination. Annu Rev Genet. 1979;13:7–24. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.13.120179.000255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Strathern J. N., Klar A. J., Hicks J. B., Abraham J. A., Ivy J. M., Nasmyth K. A., McGill C. Homothallic switching of yeast mating type cassettes is initiated by a double-stranded cut in the MAT locus. Cell. 1982 Nov;31(1):183–192. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90418-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Symington L. S., Morrison P., Kolodner R. Intramolecular recombination of linear DNA catalyzed by the Escherichia coli RecE recombination system. J Mol Biol. 1985 Dec 5;186(3):515–525. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90126-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Szostak J. W., Orr-Weaver T. L., Rothstein R. J., Stahl F. W. The double-strand-break repair model for recombination. Cell. 1983 May;33(1):25–35. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90331-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Taylor A. F., Smith G. R. Substrate specificity of the DNA unwinding activity of the RecBC enzyme of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1985 Sep 20;185(2):431–443. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90414-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thaler D. S., Stahl M. M., Stahl F. W. Double-chain-cut sites are recombination hotspots in the Red pathway of phage lambda. J Mol Biol. 1987 May 5;195(1):75–87. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90328-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Thaler D. S., Stahl M. M., Stahl F. W. Tests of the double-strand-break repair model for red-mediated recombination of phage lambda and plasmid lambda dv. Genetics. 1987 Aug;116(4):501–511. doi: 10.1093/genetics/116.4.501. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Tomizawa J., Ogawa H. Breakage of DNA in rec+ and Rec- bacteria by disintegration of radiophosphorus atoms in DNA and possible cause of pleiotropic effects of RecA mutation. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1968;33:243–251. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1968.033.01.028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. White R. L., Fox M. S. On the molecular basis of high negative interference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1544–1548. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Yamamoto K., Yoshikura H., Takahashi N., Kobayashi I. Apparent gene conversion in an Escherichia coli rec+ strain is explained by multiple rounds of reciprocal crossing-over. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Jun;212(3):393–404. doi: 10.1007/BF00330842. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Genetics are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES