Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Genetics logoLink to Genetics
. 1992 Feb;130(2):295–304. doi: 10.1093/genetics/130.2.295

Analysis of Urs(g)-Mediated Glucose Repression of the Gal1 Promoter of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

J S Flick 1, M Johnston 1
PMCID: PMC1204850  PMID: 1541392

Abstract

Repression of GAL1 expression during growth on glucose is mediated in part by cis-acting promoter elements designated URS(G). We show that oligonucleotides containing sequences from two regions of URS(G) confer glucose repression upon a heterologous promoter. Repression caused by URS(G) is dependent on trans-acting factors of the glucose repression pathway and is independent of orientation or location within a promoter, suggesting that URS(G) contains binding sites for a glucose-activated repressor protein(s). Genetic analysis identified three apparently novel genes (URR1, URR3 and URR4) that are specifically required for URS(G)-mediated repression and may encode such repressor proteins. Mutations in the URR genes suppress the defect in URS(G) derepression caused by a snf1 mutation.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (6.8 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bailey R. B., Woodword A. Isolation and characterization of a pleiotropic glucose repression resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1984;193(3):507–512. doi: 10.1007/BF00382091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bhat P. J., Oh D., Hopper J. E. Analysis of the GAL3 signal transduction pathway activating GAL4 protein-dependent transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1990 Jun;125(2):281–291. doi: 10.1093/genetics/125.2.281. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Breeden L., Nasmyth K. Regulation of the yeast HO gene. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985;50:643–650. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.078. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Carlson M., Osmond B. C., Neigeborn L., Botstein D. A suppressor of SNF1 mutations causes constitutive high-level invertase synthesis in yeast. Genetics. 1984 May;107(1):19–32. doi: 10.1093/genetics/107.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carlson M. Regulation of sugar utilization in Saccharomyces species. J Bacteriol. 1987 Nov;169(11):4873–4877. doi: 10.1128/jb.169.11.4873-4877.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Clark-Adams C. D., Winston F. The SPT6 gene is essential for growth and is required for delta-mediated transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):679–686. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.679. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cohen R., Yokoi T., Holland J. P., Pepper A. E., Holland M. J. Transcription of the constitutively expressed yeast enolase gene ENO1 is mediated by positive and negative cis-acting regulatory sequences. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Aug;7(8):2753–2761. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.8.2753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Entian K. D. Glucose repression: a complex regulatory system in yeast. Microbiol Sci. 1986 Dec;3(12):366–371. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Flick J. S., Johnston M. GRR1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for glucose repression and encodes a protein with leucine-rich repeats. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Oct;11(10):5101–5112. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.10.5101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Flick J. S., Johnston M. Two systems of glucose repression of the GAL1 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Sep;10(9):4757–4769. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.9.4757. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Goutte C., Johnson A. D. a1 protein alters the DNA binding specificity of alpha 2 repressor. Cell. 1988 Mar 25;52(6):875–882. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90429-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Ito H., Fukuda Y., Murata K., Kimura A. Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol. 1983 Jan;153(1):163–168. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.1.163-168.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Johnson A. D., Herskowitz I. A repressor (MAT alpha 2 Product) and its operator control expression of a set of cell type specific genes in yeast. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):237–247. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80119-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Johnston M., Davis R. W. Sequences that regulate the divergent GAL1-GAL10 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;4(8):1440–1448. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1440. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Keleher C. A., Goutte C., Johnson A. D. The yeast cell-type-specific repressor alpha 2 acts cooperatively with a non-cell-type-specific protein. Cell. 1988 Jun 17;53(6):927–936. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)90449-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Klopotowski T., Wiater A. Synergism of aminotriazole and phosphate on the inhibition of yeast imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1965 Dec;112(3):562–566. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(65)90096-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Luche R. M., Sumrada R., Cooper T. G. A cis-acting element present in multiple genes serves as a repressor protein binding site for the yeast CAR1 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Aug;10(8):3884–3895. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.8.3884. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Matsumoto K., Yoshimatsu T., Oshima Y. Recessive mutations conferring resistance to carbon catabolite repression of galactokinase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1983 Mar;153(3):1405–1414. doi: 10.1128/jb.153.3.1405-1414.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Nasmyth K. At least 1400 base pairs of 5'-flanking DNA is required for the correct expression of the HO gene in yeast. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):213–223. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80117-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nehlin J. O., Carlberg M., Ronne H. Control of yeast GAL genes by MIG1 repressor: a transcriptional cascade in the glucose response. EMBO J. 1991 Nov;10(11):3373–3377. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb04901.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Neigeborn L., Carlson M. Mutations causing constitutive invertase synthesis in yeast: genetic interactions with snf mutations. Genetics. 1987 Feb;115(2):247–253. doi: 10.1093/genetics/115.2.247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Neigeborn L., Celenza J. L., Carlson M. SSN20 is an essential gene with mutant alleles that suppress defects in SUC2 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):672–678. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.672. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schultz J., Carlson M. Molecular analysis of SSN6, a gene functionally related to the SNF1 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3637–3645. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Siliciano P. G., Tatchell K. Identification of the DNA sequences controlling the expression of the MAT alpha locus of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(8):2320–2324. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.8.2320. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. St John T. P., Davis R. W. The organization and transcription of the galactose gene cluster of Saccharomyces. J Mol Biol. 1981 Oct 25;152(2):285–315. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90244-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Struhl K. Genetic properties and chromatin structure of the yeast gal regulatory element: an enhancer-like sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7865–7869. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7865. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Struhl K. Negative control at a distance mediates catabolite repression in yeast. 1985 Oct 31-Nov 6Nature. 317(6040):822–824. doi: 10.1038/317822a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sumrada R. A., Cooper T. G. Ubiquitous upstream repression sequences control activation of the inducible arginase gene in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):3997–4001. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.12.3997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Tajima M., Nogi Y., Fukasawa T. Duplicate upstream activating sequences in the promoter region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL7 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):246–256. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.1.246. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. West R. W., Jr, Yocum R. R., Ptashne M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL1-GAL10 divergent promoter region: location and function of the upstream activating sequence UASG. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Nov;4(11):2467–2478. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.11.2467. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Williams F. E., Trumbly R. J. Characterization of TUP1, a mediator of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6500–6511. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.12.6500. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wittenberg C., Sugimoto K., Reed S. I. G1-specific cyclins of S. cerevisiae: cell cycle periodicity, regulation by mating pheromone, and association with the p34CDC28 protein kinase. Cell. 1990 Jul 27;62(2):225–237. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90361-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wright C. F., Zitomer R. S. A positive regulatory site and a negative regulatory site control the expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):2023–2030. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.2023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yocum R. R., Hanley S., West R., Jr, Ptashne M. Use of lacZ fusions to delimit regulatory elements of the inducible divergent GAL1-GAL10 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Oct;4(10):1985–1998. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.10.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Zimmermann F. K., Scheel I. Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to carbon catabolite repression. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Jul 7;154(1):75–82. doi: 10.1007/BF00265579. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Genetics are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES