Yifan Wu
Yifan Wu
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
1,#,
Yang Liu
Yang Liu
2University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
2,#,
Yue Yang
Yue Yang
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
1,
Michael S Yao
Michael S Yao
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
1,
Wenli Yang
Wenli Yang
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,
Xuehui Shi
Xuehui Shi
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,
Lihong Yang
Lihong Yang
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,
Dongjun Li
Dongjun Li
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,
Yueming Liu
Yueming Liu
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,
Shiyi Yin
Shiyi Yin
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,
Chunyan Lei
Chunyan Lei
6Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
6,
Meixia Zhang
Meixia Zhang
6Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
6,
James C Gee
James C Gee
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
1,
Xuan Yang
Xuan Yang
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,✉,
Wenbin Wei
Wenbin Wei
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
3,4,5,✉,
Shi Gu
Shi Gu
2University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
7College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
8State Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
2,7,8,✉
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
2University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
3Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
4Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
5Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
6Department of Ophthalmology and Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
7College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
8State Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Subject terms: Eye cancer, Cancer imaging, Machine learning, Melanoma
© The Author(s) 2025
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