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. 2025 Apr 29;30(9):1964. doi: 10.3390/molecules30091964
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
ERK1/2 Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2
HDF Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Sq Squalane
UVA Ultraviolet A Radiation
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
NF-κB Nuclear Factor Kappa B
IGF-IR Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor
β1-integrin Beta 1 Integrin
Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2
TEWL Transepidermal Water Loss
MAPKs Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor Beta