1Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
2School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
3Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
4Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
5Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurobiology and Neurosurgery, Duke University and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
6Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
7Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
8Center for Neurological Restoration, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
9Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
10Weill Cornell Medical College, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
11Restorative Therapies Group Implantables, Research, and Core Technology, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, United States
12Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
13Boston Scientific Neuromodulation, Valencia, CA, United States
14Neuromodulation Division, Abbott, Plano, TX, United States
15NeuroPace, Inc., Mountain View, CA, United States
16Newronika SpA, Milan, Italy
17West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
18Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
19Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
20Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
21Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
22Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
23Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
24Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
25Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology, University Hospital Tübingen (UKT), University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
26Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
27Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States
28Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
29Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
30Department of Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
31Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
32Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
33Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
34Department of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
35Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
36Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
37Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
38Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
39Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
40Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
41Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
42Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
43Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
44Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
45Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
46Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
47Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
48Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
49School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
50Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
51Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
Approved by: Frontiers Editorial Office, Frontiers Media SA, Switzerland
✉*Correspondence: Alfonso Enrique Martinez-Nunez martineznuneza@ufl.edu