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. 2025 Mar 25;11(9):e43256. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43256

Retraction notice to "Examination of bio convection with nanoparticles containing microorganisms under the influence of magnetism fields on vertical sheets by five-order Runge-Kutta method" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e15982]

Reza Fathollahi a, As'ad Alizadeh b, Yaghub Safari c, Hossein Nabi c,, Mahmoud Shamsborhan d, Fariborz Taghinia c
PMCID: PMC12134667  PMID: 40535247

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal).

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor.

Post-publication, an investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team discovered substantial changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. During revision, the authors Reza Fathollahi, Asad Alizadeh, Yaghub Safari, and Mahmoud Shamsborhan were added to the revised paper without adequate explanation. Additionally, two authors were removed during revision. The Editor does not have confidence that all of the stated authors of the article qualify for authorship and has therefore lost confidence in the validity/integrity of the article and made the decision to retract.

The authors have not responded to the retraction notice.


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