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. 2025 Apr 2;11(9):e43283. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43283

Retraction notice to "Forecasting the transportation energy demand with the help of optimization artificial neural network using an improved red fox optimizer (IRFO)" [Heliyon 9 (2023) e21599]

Yijie Liu a, Gongxing Yan b,c,⁎⁎, Andrea Settanni d,e,
PMCID: PMC12134679  PMID: 40535259

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal).

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor.

An investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's Research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team found that six citations were added to this paper at the author proof stage, without the approval of the Editor. The Editor has lost confidence in the findings of the article and has determined that it should be retracted.

The authors have not responded to the retraction notice.


Articles from Heliyon are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

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