Abstract
Genetically defined dosage series of chromosome arms 1L, 3L, 4S, 5L, 7L, 9S, 10L and combinations of 1L–3L, collectively spanning approximately one-third of the maize genome, were examined for alterations in the expression of total protein profiles in scutellar tissue. The major effects found were negative correlations of specific proteins with the dosage of particular regions in a manner similar to that previously described for enzyme activity levels (Birchler 1979). Chromosome arms 1L, 4S and 5L produced the most severe negative effects, with 3L and 7L exhibiting this phenomenon to a lesser degree. Positive correlations of certain proteins were observed with the dosage of the 1L, 3L, 5L and 7L regions. The structural locus of one of the major scutellar proteins (PRO) is present in the long arm of chromosome 1 (Schwartz 1979), but exhibits compensation in a dosage series involving whole-arm comparisons. Multiple factors in 1L affect the level of the protein. The compound TB-1La-3L4759-3 (1L 0.20–0.39) has a slight negative effect on PRO, while TB-1La-3Le (1L 0.20–0.58) and TB-1La-3L5267 (1L 0.20–0.72) have a more pronounced negative influence. The level of this protein is not altered by the dosage of 3L. These observations suggest that compensation is brought about by the cancellation of a positive structural gene dosage effect by the negative inverse effect. Other regions of the genome that contribute to the control of PRO levels are 4S and 5L. Total protein profiles were also compared in haploid, diploid and tetraploid maize as a comparison to the aneuploid series. Most proteins exhibit structural-gene-dosage effects through the ploidy series, but others show a positive effect greater than expected from varying the structural genes. Still others are negatively affected by ploidy changes. In general, the ploidy alterations are not as great as predicted from the cumulative action of the aneuploid effects. The bearing of these observations on the biochemical basis of aneuploid syndromes is discussed.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (3.6 MB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Carlson P. S. Locating genetic loci with aneuploids. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;114(4):273–280. doi: 10.1007/BF00267495. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Detwiler C., MacIntyre R. A genetic and developmental analysis of an acid deoxyribonuclease in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet. 1978 Dec;16(11-12):1113–1134. doi: 10.1007/BF00484532. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall J. C., Kankel D. R. Genetics of acetylcholinesterase in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 1976 Jul;83(3 PT2):517–535. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hodgetts R. B. The response of dopa decarboxylase activity to variations in gene dosage in Drosophila: a possible location of the structural gene. Genetics. 1975 Jan;79(1):45–54. doi: 10.1093/genetics/79.1.45. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hubby J. L., Lewontin R. C. A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. I. The number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics. 1966 Aug;54(2):577–594. doi: 10.1093/genetics/54.2.577. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laurie-Ahlberg C. C., Maroni G., Bewley G. C., Lucchesi J. C., Weir B. S. Quantitative genetic variation of enzyme activities in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Feb;77(2):1073–1077. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.2.1073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moore G. P., Sullivan D. T. Biochemical and genetic characterization of kynurenine formamidase from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet. 1978 Aug;16(7-8):619–634. doi: 10.1007/BF00484718. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- O'Brien S. J., Gethmann R. C. Segmental aneuploidy as a probe for structural genes in Drosophila: mitochondrial membrane enzymes. Genetics. 1973 Sep;75(1):155–167. doi: 10.1093/genetics/75.1.155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oliver M. J., Huber R. E., Williamson J. H. Genetic and biochemical aspects of trehalase from Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet. 1978 Oct;16(9-10):927–940. doi: 10.1007/BF00483744. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Patterson J T, Stone W, Bedichek S. The Genetics of X-Hyperploid Females. Genetics. 1935 May;20(3):259–279. doi: 10.1093/genetics/20.3.259. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Powell J. R., Lichtenfels J. M. Population genetics of Drosophila amylase. I. Genetic control of tissue-specific expression in D. pseudoobscura. Genetics. 1979 Jun;92(2):603–612. doi: 10.1093/genetics/92.2.603. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Priest R. E., Priest J. H. Diploid and tetraploid clonal cells in culture: gene ploidy and synthesis of collagen. Biochem Genet. 1969 Aug;3(4):371–382. doi: 10.1007/BF00485721. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rawls J. M., Jr, Lucchesi J. C. Regulation of enzyme activities in Drosophila. I. The detection of regulatory loci by gene dosage responses. Genet Res. 1974 Aug;24(1):59–72. doi: 10.1017/s001667230001507x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rhoades M. M., Dempsey E. Induction of chromosome doubling at meiosis by the elongate gene in maize. Genetics. 1966 Aug;54(2):505–522. doi: 10.1093/genetics/54.2.505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schimke R. T., Kaufman R. J., Alt F. W., Kellems R. F. Gene amplification and drug resistance in cultured murine cells. Science. 1978 Dec 8;202(4372):1051–1055. doi: 10.1126/science.715457. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]