Abstract
1. Human urine, its extracts, extracts of urine pretreated with enzyme preparations containing β-glucuronidase and steroid sulphatase or β-glucuronidase alone, and products derived from the specific solvolysis of urinary steroid sulphates, were submitted to the following sequence of operations: reduction with borohydride; oxidation with a glycol-cleaving agent (bismuthate or periodate); separation of the products into ketones and others; oxidation of each fraction with tert.-butyl chromate, resolution of the end products by means of paper chromatography or gas–liquid chromatography or both. 2. Qualitative experiments indicated the kind of information the method and some of its modifications can provide. Quantitative experiments were restricted to the direct treatment of urine by the basic procedure outlined. It was partly shown and partly argued that the quantitative results were probably as informative about the composition of the major neutral urinary steroids (and certainly about their presumptive secretory precursors) as those obtained by a number of established analytical procedures. 3. A possible extension of the scope of the reported method was indicated. 4. A simple technique was introduced for the quantitative deposition of a solid sample on to a gas–liquid-chromatographic column.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- APPLEBY J. I., GIBSON G., NORYMBERSKI J. K., STUBBS R. D. Indirect analysis of corticosteroids. I. The determination of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Biochem J. 1955 Jul;60(3):453–460. doi: 10.1042/bj0600453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BAILEY E. THE USE OF GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE ASSAY OF SOME CORTICOSTEROIDS IN URINE. J Endocrinol. 1964 Jan;28:131–138. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0280131. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BAULIEU E. E., WEINMANN S. H., JAYLE M. F. Analyse des 17-cétostéroides neutres urinaires; hydrolyses sélectives; identification et estimation par chromatographie sur papier. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1957;39(12):1371–1394. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROOKS C. J., HANAINEH L. The correlation of gas-liquid chromatographic behaviour and structure of steroids. Biochem J. 1963 Apr;87:151–161. doi: 10.1042/bj0870151. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BROOKS C. J., NORYMBERSKI J. K. The oxidation of corticosteroids with sodium bismuthate. Biochem J. 1953 Oct;55(3):371–378. doi: 10.1042/bj0550371. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BUSH I. E. Methods of paper chromatography of steroids applicable to the study of steroids in mammalian blood and tissues. Biochem J. 1952 Jan;50(3):370–378. doi: 10.1042/bj0500370. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CHAMBERLAIN J., KNIGHTS B. A., THOMAS G. H. Analysis of steroid metabolites by gas chromatography. J Endocrinol. 1963 Jun;26:367–387. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0260367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CORKER C. S., NORYMBERSKI J. K., THOW R. Some aspects of the Zimmermann reaction. Biochem J. 1962 Jun;83:583–588. doi: 10.1042/bj0830583. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COST W. S., VEGTER J. J. Quantitative estimation of adrenocortical hormones and their alpha-ketolic metabolites in urine. I. Method and normal values. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1962 Dec;41:571–583. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0410571. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EBERLEIN W. R., BONGIOVANNI A. M. New solvent systems for the resolution of corticosteroids by paper chromatography. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1955 Nov;59(1):90–96. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(55)90465-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EXLEY D., INGALL S. C., NORYMBERSKI J. K., WOODS G. F. Indirect analysis of corticosteroids. 5. The determination of 17-deoxycorticosteroids. Biochem J. 1961 Nov;81:428–434. doi: 10.1042/bj0810428. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EXLEY D., NORYMBERSKI J. K. DIFFERENTIATION OF URINARY CORTICOSTEROIDS ACCORDING TO THEIR OXYGEN CONTENT. J Endocrinol. 1964 Jun;29:303–309. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0290303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FEW J. D. A method for the analysis of urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. J Endocrinol. 1961 Mar;22:31–46. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0220031. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FOTHERBY K., LOVE D. N. A modified method for the estimation of pregnanetriol in urine. J Endocrinol. 1960 Apr;20:157–162. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0200157. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FUKUSHIMA D. K., BRADLOW H. L., HELLMAN L., ZUMOFF B., GALLAGHER T. F. Metabolic transformation of hydrocortisone-4-C14 in normal men. J Biol Chem. 1960 Aug;235:2246–2252. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KELLIE A. E., WADE A. P. The analysis of urinary 17-oxo steroids by gradient elution. Biochem J. 1957 Jun;66(2):196–206. doi: 10.1042/bj0660196. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LAYNE D. S., MEYER C. J., VAISHWANAR P. S., PINCUS G. The secretion and metabolism of cortisol and aldosterone in normal and in steroid-treated women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1962 Feb;22:107–118. doi: 10.1210/jcem-22-2-107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Menini E., Norymberski J. K. The oxidation of steroids with tert.-butyl chromate. Biochem J. 1962 Jul;84(1):195–201. doi: 10.1042/bj0840195. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROMANOFF L. P., MORRIS C. W., WELCH P., RODRIGUEZ R. M., PINCUS G. The metabolism of cortisol-4-C14 in young and elderly men. I. Secretion rate of cortisol and daily excretion of tetrahydrocortisol, allotetrahydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone and cortolone (20alpha and 20beta). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1961 Nov;21:1413–1425. doi: 10.1210/jcem-21-11-1413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROMANOFF L. P., PARENT C., RODRIGUEZ R. M., PINCUS G. Urinary excretion of beta-cortolone (3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20 beta, 21-tetrahydroxypregnane-11-one) in young and elderly men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1959 Jul;19(7):819–826. doi: 10.1210/jcem-19-7-819. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROMANOFF L. P., RODRIGUEZ R. M., SEELYE J. M., PARENT C., PINCUS G. The urinary excretion of tetrahydrocortisol, 3 alpha-allotetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone in young and elderly men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1958 Nov;18(11):1285–1295. doi: 10.1210/jcem-18-11-1285. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]